Fig. 1

A Phylogenetic relationships of the analyzed hosts (left, adapted from Wurdack et al., 2017) and their brood parasites (right). Pictures show a female Cerceris arenaria with weevil prey (up left), a female Philanthus triangulum with honeybee prey (down left), a female Hedychrum nobile at C. arenaria nesting site (up right) and a female Hedychrum rutilans at P. triangulum nesting site (down right). B Representative chromatograms of female individuals of the hosts (left) and brood parasites (right). The phylogenetic trees were inferred using the maximum likelihood optimality criterion. Bootstrap support values are given above each node. Host-brood parasite relationships are indicated, except for outgroup species (in grey) (Stizoides sp. and Bembix sp., and Hedychridium spp.) and Hedychrum longicolle