Fig. 4From: Population dynamics and demographic history of Eurasian collared lemmingsDemographic reconstruction of effective population size of Dicrostonyx torquatus using PSMC. The PSMC curve is scaled with a generation time (g) of two generations per year [23] and a mutation rate (μ) of 5.4 × 10–9 substitutions per site per generation [22]. The x axis shows time on a log scale. The dashed line represents the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary (~ 11.7 ka BP). Grey bars indicate the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 28.6–22.4 ka BP) and the Eemian interglacial (130–115 ka BP). Blue arrows and MIS labels designate Marine Isotope Stages 1 to 6. Light red lines represent 100 bootstrap replicatesBack to article page