Fig. 1

Map of sample locations and endogenous DNA content in sites. a Location of samples in the present study and modern samples from Fedorov et al. [14], coordinates can be found in Additional file 1: Tables S2 and S3. The locations of the modern samples represent the current distribution of D. torquatus. Star depicts the location of the modern genome sample. Major rivers displayed in black, with the Kolyma River indicated with an arrow. Site abbreviations are as follows: MJC, Marie-Jeanne Cave; TAW, Trou Al’Wesse; BIS, Bisnik Cave; BET, Betovo; STU, Studennaya; PYV, Pymva Shor; YAN, Yanagana Pe-4; OBO, Ostrov Bolshevik; BAT, Batagaika Crater; KYT, Kyttyk Peninsula. Samples are coloured by geographic location used to group sites in the phylogenetic analyses: western Europe, blue; eastern Europe, red; western Russia, green; western Siberia (east of the Ural mountains), purple; central Siberia (Taimyr), light blue; central Siberia (Yana-Kolyma), light pink; central Siberia (Ostrov Bolshevik), black; eastern Siberia, orange; Batagaika, white. Map was created in R v3.6.1. b Endogenous DNA content of ancient samples that were shotgun sequenced (n = 59), with site abbreviations following above. Asterisks indicate samples that did not undergo bleach and predigestion treatment