Fig. 5

Modular architectures (V, VI, VII, and IX) tested in this paper. In the six-module with fused ptrygoid and zygomatic maxilla (adapted from Goswami [31]; V) and the alternative six-module (adapted from Hallgrímsson et al. [30]; VI): colors are as in architecture IV (Fig. 4). In the seven-module with naso-palatine module (this study; VII) and the seven-module with naso-frontal module (this study; IX): orange—naso-palatine / naso-frontal. Modular architectures VIII and X are not illustrated here as they correspond to modifications of architectures IV and VI by including the naso-palatine and the naso-frontal modules (as in VII and IX), respectively