Fig. 1
Seasonal changes in infection status and parasitemia in adult house sparrows. Changes in infection status (% blood-positive individuals) and infection intensity (log10 parasitemia, box plot where the bottom and top of the box indicates the first and third quartiles, the central line corresponds to the median, the whiskers represent the highest and lowest value within 1.5 * the interquartile range respectively) for H. passeris (green bars) and P. relictum (blue bars) in adult house sparrows, from February 2016 until September 2017 (the number of studied individuals varies slightly over time (N = 16 in February 2016, N = 19 in June 2016, N = 9 in February 2017 and N = 6 in September 2017), but the overall patterns are similar when only nine individuals are studied over the 18-month period (Additional file 3)