Fig. 5

Slope and significance of mock sister pair analyses of clade size contrasts against contrasts in simulated branch lengths (SIM) or median branch length estimates reconstructed from simulated trees. Results are shown for branch lengths reconstructed using an uncorrelated lognormal (UCLN) rate prior in BEAST 2, an autocorrelated lognormal (ACLN) rate prior in PAML, or the UCLN in PAML. The three simulation models are Unlinked (instantaneous covariance of molecular rates and speciation rates = 0), Continuous (instantaneous covariance = 0.0044), and Punctuated (instantaneous covariance = 0, bursts of substitutions added at speciation events). Black triangles represent positive regression coefficients, while white inverted triangles represent negative coefficients. The red line indicates significance at the 0.05 level