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Table 1 Results of ancestral area, age, ancestral flower type, ancestral floral symmetry, the presence or absence of a pentamerous corolla (petals+sepals in Polygalaceae), the presence or absence of three distinct petal types (petals+sepals in Polygalaceae), the presence or absence of enclosed reproductive organs, ancestral androecium type, ancestral inflorescence type, ancestral floral size, ancestral height and habit analyses for tribe Polygaleae, and clades 1–8 of Papilionoideae

From: Reconstructing an historical pollination syndrome: keel flowers

Name of the clade

Geographic origin

Age (~ my)

Ancestral floral type

Floral symmetry

Pentamerous petals (+ sepals)

Three distinct petal (+ sepal) types

Enclosed reproductive organs

Androecium type

Inflorescence type

Flower size (mm)

Height (m)

Habit

Tribe Polygaleae (Polygalaceae)

67% G

18% EG

14% E

45.16

(~ 38.8–44.7)

99.6% A

(99.3–99.9%)

21% A

(20.2–21.5%)

79% B

(78.5–79.1%)

63% A

(62.7–63.2%)

37% B

(36.9–37.3%)

89.6% A

(89.3–89.8%)

10.2% C

(10–10.5%)

99.9% A

(99.7–100%)

2% A

(1.6–2.4%)

98% B

(97.6–98.4%)

81% A

(79.7–81.8%)

1% B

(1.2–1.5%)

18% C

(16.9–18.9%)

2.87–10.5

(2.29–11.7)

0.76–9.1

(0.45–9.8)

6% A

(5.5–6.1%)

41% B

(40.5–41.8%)

53% C

(52.2–53.9%)

Clade 1 (Mrca of Candolleodendron and Swartzia

100% G

48.07

(~ 44.0–46.0)

99.9% B

(99.9–100%)

6% A

(6.1–6.3%)

94% B

(93.7–94%)

1% A

(0.5–0.6%)

99% B

(99.3–99.4%)

94% B

(93.9–94.1%)

6% C

(5.9–6.1%)

100% A

(100%-100%)

100% A

(100%-100%)

97% A

(96.9–97.3%)

1% B

(0.5–0.6%)

2% C

(2.1–2.5%)

X

2.1–22.8

(1.9–23.3)

98% A

(98.1–98.2%)

1% B

(0.9–1%)

1% C

(0.8–0.9%)

Clade 2 (Mrca of Pericopsis and Bowdichia)

66% G

34% EG

45.46

(~ 30.1–53.8)

99.9% A

(99.8–100%)

2% A

(1.9–2%)

98% B

(98–98.1%)

96% A

(96.1–96.3%)

4% B

(3.7–3.9%)

41% A

(39.6–42.3%)

58.2% C

(56.9–59.5%)

99.8% A

(99.7–99.9%)

99.9% A

(99.9–100%)

97% A

(96.5–97.4%)

3% C

(2.5–3.4%)

11.6–24.5

(11.2–25.4)

8.1–34

(7.9–34.4)

95% A

(94.6–95.6%)

1% B

(0.4–0.5%)

1% C

(0.3–0.5%)

Clade 3 (Mrca of Adesmia and Zornia)

100% G

47.09

(~ 36.6–51.5)

99.9% A

(99.9–100%)

24% A

(23.3–23.7%)

76% B

(76.3–76.7%)

61% A

(60.7–61%)

39% B

(39–39.3%)

81.1% A

(80.9–81.3%)

1.3% B

(1.2–1.3%)

17.6% C

(17.4–17.8%)

99.9% A

(99.9–100%)

4% A

(4.3–4.4%)

96% B

(95.6–95.7%)

81% A

(79.7–81.3%)

6% B

(5.4–6.1%)

1% C

(1.3–1.4%)

8.3–16

(7.7–17.5)

2.9–10.8

(2.5–11.7)

29% A

(28.3–29.7%)

28% B

(27.3–28.6%)

43% C

(42.3–43.9%)

Clade 4 (Mrca of Weberbauerella and Humularia)

100% G

48.44

(~ 42.8–47.3)

99.9% A

(99.9–100%)

7% A

(6.4–6.6%)

93% B

(93.4–93.6%)

78% A

(77.5–78%)

22% B

(22–22.5%)

95.4% A

(95.2–95.6%)

4.5% C

(4.3–4.7%)

99.9% A

(99.9–100%)

99.9% B

(99.8–100%)

91% A

(90.8–91.9%)

2% B

(1.7–2.1%)

7% C

(6.2–7.3%)

8.3–20

(7.9–21.1)

3.2–19.6

(2.9–20.2)

3% A

(3.1–3.2%)

95% B

(94.8–95%)

2% C

(1.9–2%)

Clade 5 (Mrca of Humularia and Dalbergia)

100% G

47.63

(~ 42.8–47.3)

99.9% A

(99.9–100%)

7% A

(6.6–6.7%)

93% B

(93.1–93.4%)

78% A

(77.5–78%)

22% B

(22–22.5%)

93.3% A

(93–93.6%)

6.6% C

(6.4–6.9%)

99.9% A

(99.9–100%)

99.9% B

(99.8–100%)

89% A

(88.2–89.5%)

3% B

(2.5–2.9%)

8% C

(7.9–9%)

8–18.74

(7.5–19.8)

2.9–19

(2.7–19.5)

4% A

(4.1–4.4%)

93% B

(92.9–93.3%)

3% C

(2.5–2.7%)

Clade 6 (Mrca of Pictetia and Humularia)

100% G

46.44

(~ 38.4–46.6)

99.9% A

(99.8–100%)

16% A

(15.3–15.7%)

84% B

(84.3–84.7%)

67% A

(66.7–67.2%)

33% B

(32.8–33.3%)

83.6% A

(83.4–83.8%)

15.8% C

(15.6–16.1%)

99.9% A

(99.9–100%)

99.5% B

(95.4–95.6%)

85% A

(83.7–85.4%)

2% B

(2.5–2.9%)

13% C

(11.9–13.5%)

8.2–20.5

(7.7–21.6)

2.8–19.1

(2.5–19.7)

4% A

(4–4.3%)

84% B

(83.2–84.1%)

12% C

(11.7–12.3%)

Clade 7 (Mrca of Clitoria and Dalbergiella)

48% B

45% G

48.35

(~ 38.5–50.4)

99.8% A

(99.6–100%)

27% A

(26.5–26.9%)

73% B

(73.1–73.5%)

60% A

(60.3–60.5%)

40% B

(39.5–39.7%)

77.5% A

(77.3–77.7%)

20.5% C

(20.4–20.7%)

99.9% A

(99.9–100%)

1% A

(1.4–1.5%)

99% B

(98.5–98.6%)

43% A

(43.1–43.3%)

44% B

(43.7–44.1%)

13% C

(13.1–13.4)

10.3–25.4

(9.7–26.8)

4.2–16.6

(3.9–17.4)

46% A

(45.9–46.2%)

41%B

(40.4–40.8%)

13%C

(13.1–13.5%)

Clade 8 (Mrca of Mundulea and Aganope)

35% BG

29% B

22% G

47.09

(~ 40.1–46.5)

98% A

(98–98.3%)

2% B

(1.8–2%)

25% A

(23.6–26.6%)

75% B

(73.4–76.4%)

65% A

(64–66.1%)

35% B

(33.9–36%)

87.4% A

(86.5–88.3%)

12.3% C

(11.5–13.2%)

99.6% A

(99.4–99.8%)

90% A

(88.8–90.9%)

10% B

(9.1–11.2%)

90% A

(89.6–91.1%)

4% B

(3.1–4%)

6% C

(5.6–6.6%)

10–20.3

(9.6–21.4)

7.4–17.4

(7.2–17.9)

63% A

(61.7–64.4%)

23% B

(21.8–23.8%)

14% C

(13.6–14.9%)

  1. In each column, the bold value indicates the highest probability for each character. Decimals are rounded to the nearest whole number to avoid fractional points. Possibilities less than 1% are not included, and the ancestral area analyses up to three possible origins are reported. Nodes that do not fulfill the criteria of a mimicry scenario are shaded. Crosses (X) indicate that the corresponding analysis was not employed due to lack of information. Ages (My) are mean and node heights from HPD intervals at 95% (upper and lower) and 95% confidence intervals for the discrete and continuous characters are provided within parantheses. For the ancestral flower size and plant height analyses, both the smallest and largest sizes are indicated. Geographic area abbreviations: A: Eurasia; B: Africa; C: Madagascar; E: Australia including New Guinea, New Caledonia and New Zealand; F: North America; G: South America including Central America and H: the Indian subcontinent [47]. Other abbreviations are explained in Table 3
  2. Mrca most recent common ancestor, my million years, mm millimeter, m meter