From: Multi-modal locomotor costs favor smaller males in a sexually dimorphic leaf-mimicking insect
Response variable | Fixed effects | β ± SE | Df | \({\chi }^{2}\) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Rotational velocity (° s−1) | Body mass | − 82.7 ± 25.2 | 1 | 7.04 | 0.008 |
Wing area | 53.6 ± 22.9 | 1 | 5.99 | 0.014 | |
Body aspect ratio | 13.4 ± 19.3 | 1 | 0.63 | 0.43 | |
Mean vertical velocity (m s−1) | Body mass | − 0.37 ± 0.12 | 1 | 7.49 | 0.006 |
Wing area | 0.22 ± 0.10 | 1 | 4.99 | 0.025 | |
Body aspect ratio | 0.05 ± 0.09 | 1 | 0.40 | 0.53 | |
Mean horizontal velocity (m s−1) | Body mass | 0.23 ± 0.17 | 1 | 1.56 | 0.21 |
Wing area | − 0.10 ± 0.15 | 1 | 0.49 | 0.49 | |
Body aspect ratio | 0.07 ± 0.13 | 1 | 0.44 | 0.51 | |
Wing beat frequency (Hz) | Body mass | 0.51 ± 0.29 | 1 | 4.99 | 0.03 |
Wing area | 0.26 ± 0.26 | 1 | 1.20 | 0.27 | |
Body aspect ratio | 0.43 ± 0.22 | 1 | 4.34 | 0.04 | |
Wing beat amplitude (°) | Body mass | − 2.59 ± 4.37 | 1 | 4.55 | 0.03 |
Wing area | − 6.12 ± 3.97 | 1 | 2.93 | 0.09 | |
Body aspect ratio | − 0.91 ± 3.36 | 1 | 0.10 | 0.75 |