Fig. 3
From: Multi-modal locomotor costs favor smaller males in a sexually dimorphic leaf-mimicking insect
Sexual dimorphism in tarsal morphology and attachment forces in P. philippinicum. A Morphology of female (top) and male (bottom) metathoracic tarsi. Eu. euplantula, Cl, claw, Ar, arolium. Euplantular attachment microstructures are smooth in females (B) and bear maze-like cuticular patterns in males (C). D Scaling relationships between body length and adhesive pad areas. E Friction and adhesion forces as a function of body length. Dots represent maximum force measurements averaged for each individual over three trials. Dashed lines in D and E represent the slope expected under isometry (slope = 2, arbitrary intercept). F Static safety factor as a function of body mass. The x-axis is on a log10 scale. The dotted line in (F) represent a safety factor of one. Diagrams represent the experimental set-up to measure friction (orange) and adhesion (blue) forces