Fig. 2
From: Multi-modal locomotor costs favor smaller males in a sexually dimorphic leaf-mimicking insect
Effect of body mass and wing loading on male P. philippinicum flight performance. A Flight trajectories of a subset of males with low (< 4 N m−2), intermediate (4 < WL < 4.22 N m−2) and high (> 4.22 N m−2) wing loading. Rotational velocity (B) and mean vertical velocity (C) as a function of wing loading. Wingbeat frequency (D) and wing stroke amplitude (E) as a function of body mass. Mixed effect linear regressions including individual ID as a random factor are fitted in B–E. Each dot represent a flight trial (two per individual)