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Fig. 2 | BMC Ecology and Evolution

Fig. 2

From: Genes associated with hot defensive bee ball in the Japanese honeybee, Apis cerana japonica

Fig. 2

Schematic diagram of RNA-seq sampling. (1) In the first step of the experiment, to align the age of honeybee workers, workers newly emerged from a brood comb that was incubated at 34 °C were marked and returned to the nest. When marked workers reached 15 days old, they were collected for use in the following treatments. (2) Before the balling experiment, 15-day-old workers for “control” and “heated” groups were collected from the nest for the respective temperature treatments. (3) A hornet hung by a wire was placed into the bee nest, causing a bee ball to form. (4) At 30 min after the formation of the bee ball, the bees that participated in the bee balling were collected (“balling”)

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