Patterns of sex-biased dispersal are consistent with social and ecological constraints in a group-living cichlid fish

Table 1 Statistical output of linear mixed effects model examining within-group relatedness among adult males, adult females, and juveniles in Neolamprologus multifasciatus groups

Contrast	Estimate ± SE	z-value	P-value
Male-male vs. female-female	0.16 ± 0.03	6.08	< 0.001
Female-male vs. female-female	0.034 ± 0.018	1.91	0.22
Juvenile-juvenile vs. female-female	0.21 ± 0.02	12.2	< 0.001
Female-male vs. male-male	− 0.13 ± 0.02	− 5.33	< 0.001
Juvenile-juvenile vs. male-male	0.049 ± 0.024	2.02	0.17
Juvenile-juvenile vs. female-male	0.18 ± 0.01	12.3	< 0.001

All pairwise comparisons were made using the Tukey method in the “multcomp” R package [49]

ISSN: 2730-7182