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Fig. 2 | BMC Ecology and Evolution

Fig. 2

From: The rhodopsin-retinochrome system for retinal re-isomerization predates the origin of cephalopod eyes

Fig. 2

Different motifs enrolled in stabilizing the active rhodopsin state and G-protein activation. Pairwise interaction of D83/N302, R135/Y223, K231/E247 and Y306/F313 as well as NPXXY motif are highly conserved in signaling rhodopsins. Compared to c-opsins and r-opsins, deuterostome peropsins are most conserved, while chordate RGRs and retinochromes show most deviations. E113 acts as a counterion in monostable visual pigments and is well conserved among canonical c-opsins. Only in xenopsins it is conserved in a significant scope, as in the sequences of L. asellus and O. fusiformis

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