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Table 1 Expected and observed species divergence times in MYA

From: Global shifts in species richness have shaped carpet shark evolution

Species divergence

treePL1

treePL2

MCMC3

MCMC4

MCMC5

Expected

Source for expected

G. cirratum and G. unami

3.7

2.9

4.8

3.9

4

2-5

[12, 55, 56]

O. maculatus and O. halei

23.5

15.9

18.6

15.3

15.3

≤ 25

[7, 35, 36]

P. collare and G. cirratum

356.5

246.8

203.7

139.7

141.1

171–237

[14, 27, 29, 31, 57]

  1. 1Denotes mean age of penalized likelihood estimates using treePL before outliers were removed
  2. 2Denotes the same as above after outliers were removed
  3. 3Denotes ages inferred with four calibration points selected by our method
  4. 4Denotes ages inferred by using the oldest fossil previously used to calibrate the earliest split in Orectolobiformes (171 MYA)
  5. 5Denotes ages inferred by using the oldest fossil in our data set to calibrate the earliest split in Orectolobiformes (191 MYA)