Fig. 4
From: Whole genome based insights into the phylogeny and evolution of the Juglandaceae
Reprinted by permission from Macmillan Publishers Ltd: Nature (451, 279–283), copyright (2008).
Time-calibrated phylogenetic tree of Juglandaceae based on 61 protein-coding genes (CDS) of chloroplast genomes. Mean divergence times estimated using a relaxed molecular clock model with 6 fossil priors (red stars). Blue bars across nodes indicate 95% HPD intervals around the mean divergence time estimates. Nodes are numbered as ages. The genera and subfamilies of Juglandaceae are shown in the figure and the geological time scale is shown below the tree. A stacked deep-sea benthic foraminiferal oxygen-isotope curve shows the evolution of global climate over the last 65 Mya, as modified from Zachos et al. (2001, 2008) [47, 48]. PETM Palaeocene–Eocene thermal maximum, ETM Eocene thermalmaximum, Pl pliocene.