Fig. 4

Spatial structure affects the condition for the invasion from rare and fixation of the driven gene. A Variation in invasion (full line with circles) and fixation (dashed line with squares) conditions with respect to network degree (k) and distortion parameter (p) for \(f_{WD}=0.5\) and B \(f_{WD}=0.9\). The values of other parameters are fixed to \(f_{WW}=1\), \(f_{DD}=0.4\). Population dynamics changes when the population becomes more structured on the Bethe lattice parameterized by k. Lower k means more structured population and higher k represents less structure (closer to well-mixed case). The change in population dynamics properties can be seen by the change in invasion/fixation condition and combinations of them, such as no invasion from rare but fixation, if sufficient drive individuals are released/migrate