Table 2 Morphological characteristics and biomass of Helianthus tuberosus and Ageratina adenophora competition under different shade levels
Variables | Different shade rates | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Â | 60% | 40% | 20% | 0% |
Total shoot length (cm) | ||||
 H. tuberosus | ||||
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 4:0 | 95.51 ± 1.43d | 116.10 ± 2.44c | 136.04 ± 2.16b | 173.62 ± 3.59a |
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 1:1 | 93.71 ± 1.85d | 119.56 ± 1.47c | 158.94 ± 3.22b | 190.54 ± 4.51a |
 A. adenophora | ||||
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 1:1 | 45.67 ± 0.53d | 53.20 ± 0.60c | 72.33 ± 1.40b | 96.21 ± 1.46a |
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 0:4 | 73.26 ± 1.65d | 98.03 ± 1.55c | 164.42 ± 3.06b | 171.39 ± 2.26a |
Main stem length (cm) | ||||
 H. tuberosus | ||||
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 4:0 | 84.27 ± 1.66d | 99.23 ± 2.32c | 108.31 ± 2.04b | 138.06 ± 2.68a |
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 1:1 | 79.98 ± 1.75d | 94.11 ± 1.41c | 126.48 ± 3.35b | 149.34 ± 3.60a |
 A. adenophora | ||||
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 1:1 | 32.52 ± 0.57d | 37.96 ± 0.64c | 50.28 ± 0.97b | 60.79 ± 1.55a |
 H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 0:4 | 56.78 ± 1.42d | 67.31 ± 1.13c | 111.06 ± 2.08a | 84.72 ± 1.93b |
Total branch length (cm) | ||||
 H. tuberosus | ||||
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 4:0 | 11.24 ± 0.31d | 16.87 ± 0.19c | 27.73 ± 0.33b | 35.56 ± 1.13a |
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 1:1 | 13.72 ± 0.18d | 25.45 ± 0.34c | 32.46 ± 0.36b | 41.19 ± 1.09a |
 A. adenophora | ||||
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 1:1 | 13.16 ± 0.46d | 15.24 ± 0.25c | 22.06 ± 0.60b | 35.42 ± 0.50a |
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 0:4 | 16.49 ± 0.27d | 30.72 ± 0.48c | 53.37 ± 1.00b | 86.67 ± 0.96a |
Branch number | ||||
 H. tuberosus | ||||
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 4:0 | 1.9 ± 0.3b | 2.1 ± 0.3b | 2.8 ± 0.6a | 3.5 ± 0.4a |
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 1:1 | 2.5 ± 0.4b | 2.8 ± 0.3b | 3.4 ± 0.5ab | 4.9 ± 0.5a |
 A. adenophora | ||||
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 1:1 | 3.4 ± 0.3d | 4.2 ± 0.5c | 6.1 ± 0.3b | 9.4 ± 0.5a |
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 0:4 | 4.5 ± 0.4d | 7.4 ± 0.5c | 13.4 ± 0.5b | 18.3 ± 0.9a |
Leafstalk length (cm) | ||||
 H. tuberosus | ||||
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 4:0 | 5.36 ± 0.02c | 5.50 ± 0.04b | 5.78 ± 0.02a | 5.80 ± 0.02a |
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 1:1 | 5.04 ± 0.03d | 5.37 ± 0.01c | 5.82 ± 0.02b | 6.06 ± 0.03a |
 A. adenophora | ||||
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 1:1 | 3.19 ± 0.02d | 3.31 ± 0.02c | 3.37 ± 0.01b | 3.45 ± 0.01a |
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 0:4 | 3.94 ± 0.02d | 4.04 ± 0.02c | 4.47 ± 0.01b | 4.74 ± 0.02a |
Leaf area (cm2) | ||||
 H. tuberosus | ||||
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 4:0 | 52.26 ± 0.13d | 55.11 ± 0.12c | 60.11 ± 0.17b | 64.57 ± 0.59a |
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 1:1 | 51.88 ± 0.13d | 56.36 ± 0.21c | 61.75 ± 0.19b | 66.18 ± 0.74a |
 A. adenophora | ||||
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 1:1 | 16.21 ± 0.21d | 17.13 ± 0.15c | 19.19 ± 0.13b | 20.25 ± 0.16a |
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 0:4 | 26.23 ± 0.20d | 30.28 ± 0.14c | 35.22 ± 0.20b | 38.34 ± 0.24a |
Root biomass (g) | ||||
 H. tuberosus | ||||
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 4:0 | 95.31 ± 2.04d | 155.03 ± 2.75c | 200.62 ± 3.68b | 236.97 ± 2.94a |
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 1:1 | 95.51 ± 1.89d | 144.01 ± 1.66c | 205.97 ± 2.50b | 264.76 ± 3.38a |
 A. adenophora | ||||
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 1:1 | 1.38 ± 0.03d | 2.25 ± 0.09c | 2.75 ± 0.09b | 4.20 ± 0.24a |
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 0:4 | 3.22 ± 0.16d | 4.67 ± 0.21c | 9.68 ± 0.49b | 14.32 ± 0.30a |
Aboveground biomass (g) | ||||
 H. tuberosus | ||||
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 4:0 | 67.78 ± 1.46d | 72.30 ± 1.77c | 90.90 ± 1.26b | 95.16 ± 1.00a |
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 1:1 | 64.61 ± 1.09d | 73.97 ± 1.03c | 91.13 ± 1.89b | 106.75 ± 3.43a |
 A. adenophora | ||||
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 1:1 | 3.33 ± 0.26d | 5.55 ± 0.36c | 8.96 ± 0.35b | 14.31 ± 0.29a |
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 0:4 | 7.30 ± 0.16d | 13.63 ± 0.49c | 21.94 ± 0.62b | 42.34 ± 1.43a |
Total biomass (g) | ||||
 H. tuberosus | ||||
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 4:0 | 163.08 ± 2.86d | 227.33 ± 2.58c | 291.52 ± 4.52b | 332.13 ± 3.79a |
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 1:1 | 160.12 ± 1.43d | 217.98 ± 2.49c | 297.10 ± 1.68b | 371.50 ± 5.94a |
 A. adenophora | ||||
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 1:1 | 4.71 ± 0.25d | 7.79 ± 0.33c | 11.72 ± 0.44b | 18.51 ± 0.24a |
  H. tuberosus: A. adenophora = 0:4 | 10.53 ± 0.17d | 18.29 ± 0.41c | 31.61 ± 0.84b | 56.64 ± 1.21a |