Fig. 5
From: Predation has small, short-term, and in certain conditions random effects on the evolution of aging
Evolution of the prey trait \({k}_{d}\) in the absence of aging rate-fecundity trade-off (\(x=0\)) yet in the presence of predators, under several numbers of predators and two (fixed) values of the predator trait \({k}_{w}\) (a is for \({k}_{w}=0.01\) and b for \({k}_{w}=100\)). One replicate of temporal course of evolution for each value of \({k}_{w}\) is shown. Other parameters are as in Table 1. Predators were not allowed to evolve and all have the same value of \({k}_{w}\). The no-predator scenario is shown in black