Restoring a butterfly hot spot by large ungulates refaunation: the case of the Milovice military training range, Czech Republic

Konvička, Martin; Ričl, David; Vodičková, Veronika; Beneš, Jiří; Jirků, Miloslav

doi:10.1186/s12862-021-01804-x

Table 1 List of butterfly species (nomenclature and system: [107] recorded from the former Milovice military training range during the three consecutive surveys, split into respective localities if possible, with their Czech Republic Red-list [RL] status

From: Restoring a butterfly hot spot by large ungulates refaunation: the case of the Milovice military training range, Czech Republic

Species	Abbreviation	RL status	Early 1990s	2009				2016–19
			Entire area	Site S	Site C	Site N	Pooled	Site S	Site N	Pooled
Hesperidae
Carcharodus alceae	Calc	NT	+	–	–	–	–	+	+	+
Erynnis tages	Etag	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Carterocephalus palaemon	Cpal	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Pyrgus malvae	Pmal	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Pyrgus armoricanus		EN	+	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Ochlodes sylvanus	Osyl	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Thymelicus lineola	Tlin	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Thymelicus sylvestris	Tsyl	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Thymelicus acteon		EN	+	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Spialia sertorius	Sser	VU	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Hesperia comma	Hcom	VU	+	–	–	–	–	+	+	+
Papilionidae
Papilio machaon	Pmac	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Iphiclides podalirius	Ipod	NT	–	–	–	–	–	+	+	+
Pieridae		–
Pieris brassicae	Pbra	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Pieris napi	Pnap	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Pieris rapae	Prap	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Leptidea juvernica	Ljuv	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Gonepteryx rhamni	Grha	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Colias alfacariensis	Calf	VU	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Colias hyale^$$	Chya	–		–	–	–	–
Colias crocea^$$	Ccro	–	+	–	–	–	–	+	+	+
Anthocharis cardamines	Acar	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Pontia edusa^$$	Pedu	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Nymphalidae
Apatura iris^$	Airi	–	+	–	–	–	–	+	–	+
Apatura ilia^$		–	+	+	–	–	–	–	–	–
Aglais urticae	Aurt	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Nymphalis antiopa^$		–	+	+	+	+	+	–	–	–
Nymphalis polychloros^$		–	+	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Vanessa atalanta^$$	Vata	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Vanessa cardui^$$	Vcar	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Inachis io	Iio	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Araschnia levana	Alev	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Polygonia c-album	Pc-a	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Malitaea athalia		NT	+	–	+	+	+	–	–	–
Malitaea cinxia		VU	+	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Issoria lathonia	Ilat	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Argynnis aglaja	Aagl	–	+	+	+	+	+	–	+	+
Argynnis adippe	Aadi	–	+	+	–	+	–	+	–	+
Argynnis paphia	Apap	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Boloria dia	Bdia	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Boloria selene		NT	+	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Coenonympha arcania	Cacr	NT	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Coenonympha glycerion	Cgly	–	+	+	–	–	+	+	+	+
Coenonympha pamphilus	Cpam	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Erebia medusa	Emed	NT	+	–	–	–	–	+	+	+
Erebia aethiops		EN	+	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Melanargia galathea	Mgal	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Lasiommata megera	Lmeg	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Lasiommata maera		NT	+	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Pararge aegeria^$	Paeg	–	+	+	–	–	–	–	+	+
Maniola jurtina	Mjur	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Hyponephele lycaon		CR	+	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Aphantopus hyperanthus	Ahyp	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Hipparchia semele		CR	+	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Lycaenidae
Thecla betulae		–	+	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Neozephyrus quercus^$		–	+	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Callophrys rubi	Crub	NT	+	+	+	+	+	+	–	+
Satyrium acaciae	Saca	–	–	–	–	–	–	–	+	+
Satyrium pruni	Spru	NT	+	–	–	–	–	+	–	+
Satyrium w-album^$		NT	–	–	+	–	+	–	–	–
Satyrium spini	Sspi	VU	–	–	–	–	–	–	+	+
Lycaena alciphron		VU	–	–	–	+	+	–	–	–
Lycaena dispar	Ldis	–	–	–	–	–	–	+	+	+
Lycaena phlaeas	Lphl	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Lycaena tityrus	Ltit	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	–	+
Lycaena virgaureae	Lvir	NT	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Celastrina argiolus	Carg	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Cupido minimus	Cmin	VU	+	+	–	–	+	+	+	+
Aricia agestis	Aage	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Aricia eumedon		NT	+	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Plebejus argyrognomon	Pargy	–	+	–	–	–	–	+	+	+
Plebejus argus	Parg	NT	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Cyaniris semiargus		VU	–	–	–	+	+	–	–	–
Phengaris alcon*	Palc	EN	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Polyommatus bellargus	Pbell	VU	–	–	–	–	–	–	+	+
Polyommatus amandus	Pama	NT	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Polyommatus icarus	Pica	–	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Polyommatus coridon	Pcor	VU	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Polyommatus daphnis	Pdap	VU	+	+	+	+	+	+	+	+
Polyommatus thersites		VU	+	–	–	–	–	–	–	–
Total		32	71	50	47	49	51	55	55	60
Arboreal + migrants excluded		31	61	44	45	42	46	50	50	54

(NT—near threatened, VU—vulnerable, EN—endangered, CR—critically endangered) following [46]. The early 1990s data are from [62], 2009 data from [23], and this study to the 2016–2019 monitoring. Abbreviations are used in the ordination diagram at Fig. 4
^$Arboreal and ^$$migrant species excluded from some analyses
^*The “rebeli” ecological form, developing on Gentiana cruciata

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