Table 1 Survey results from the 12 L. album var. barbatum populations

Visitation frequency

Small bees (whole-body pollinators) total

7

87

189

20

7

13

–

29

26

28

16

–

Large bees (thrust pollinators) total

0

7

63

3

28

61

4

33

2

16

33

2

Eucera ssp. & Apis ssp.

–

7

–

–

–

–

–

33

2

16

–

–

Bombus ardens worker

–

–

–

–

–

12

–

–

–

–

–

–

B. honshuensis worker

–

–

14

–

–

40

–

–

–

–

4

–

B. honshuensis queen

–

–

29

–

1

–

–

–

–

–

4

–

B. diversus worker

–

–

–

3

–

1

–

–

–

–

12

–

B. diversus queen

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

–

1

–

B. consobrinus worker

–

–

3

–

–

8

2

–

–

–

12

1

B. consobrinus queen

–

–

17

–

27

–

2

–

–

–

–

1

Observation time (min)

540

230

600

270

215

357

90

450

450

410

660

130

Visitation rate (individual/h)

0.78

26.35

31.50

5.78

17.58

22.69

5.33

12.67

4.00

8.78

7.45

1.85

Average pollinator size (mm, all visitors)

11.38

11.78

13.41

10.05

23.61

14.05

24.91

12.44

11.91

12.57

15.72

23.46

Average pollinator size (mm, only large bees)

–

13.45

19.11

17.48

26.72

15.43

24.91

12.66

12.08

13.12

17.73

23.46

Average pollinator size (mm, only small bees)

11.38

11.65

11.60

11.11

11.18

8.85

–

12.20

11.89

12.26

11.59

–

Average floral size (mm ± SD)

25.91 (± 0.57)^a

28.57 (± 0.90)^d

29.21 (± 1.44)^e

27.71 (± 0.76)^c

30.53 (± 1.26)^fg

28.55 (± 1.03)^d

31.12 (± 0.92)^g

27.06 (± 0.86)^b

25.93 (± 0.79)^a

26.78 (± 0.84)^b

28.32 (± 1.35)^d

30.01 (± 1.18)^f

Census days

4 Apr–16 May 2018

20 May–6 Jun 2018

11 May –18 Jun 2018

1–6 Jun 2019

4–14 Jun 2019

17 Jun–9 Jul 2018

26 Jun–3 Jul 2019

17–23 May 2019

2–30 May 2019

10–31 May 2018

1–12 Jun 2019

21 Jun–1 Jul 2019