Fig. 5

Experimental set-up. The experimental units were pots containing African or European (black and grey) Carpobrotus and native Iberian plants previously exposed or not previously exposed (grey and white background) to European Carpobrotus. There were two sets of pots as shown, one for each native species. The plot lines and arrows mark the pots used in the data analyses: continuous line, comparisons of pots containing two plants; fine dashed lines, comparisons between native Iberian plants in pots containing one and two plants; thick dashed lines, comparisons between Carpobrotus plants in pots containing one and two plants; block arrows, comparisons between plants in pots containing one plant. Icons from [86, 87]