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Table 1 Preferred feeding substrate, Mean ± Std. Dev. for Young's modulus E (GPa) and hardness H (GPa) for each species and tooth type

From: Trophic specialisation reflected by radular tooth material properties in an “ancient” Lake Tanganyikan gastropod species flock

Species and structure

Modulus, GPa

Mean ± Std. Dev

Hardness, GPa

Mean ± Std. Dev

(A) Connecting letters for comparison of E within species

(A) Connecting letters for comparison of H within species

(B) Connecting letters for comparison of E between all species and tooth types

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 71

df: 20,217.82

(B) Connecting letters for comparison of H between all species and tooth types

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 71

df: 2734.555

Feeding substrate

Species and structure

Modulus, GPa

Mean ± Std. Dev

Hardness, GPa

Mean ± Std. Dev

(A) Connecting letters for comparison of E within species

(A) Connecting letters for comparison of H within species

(B) Connecting letters for comparison of E between all species and tooth types

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 71

df: 20,217.82

(B) Connecting letters for comparison of H between all species and tooth types

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 71

df: 2734.555

Feeding substrate

Bridouxia grandidieriana

N = 9 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 9409.887

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 1623.203

  

Mixed

Bridouxia ponsonbyi

N = 6 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 24,848.35

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 6166.873

  

Solid

 

CT Cusp

N = 167

5.81 ± 0.81

0.27 ± 0.08

A

A

S

JK

  

CT Cusp

N = 101

7.81 ± 0.99

0.35 ± 0.08

A

A

G

CDE

 
 

LT Cusp

N = 176

5.55 ± 0.66

0.25 ± 0.10

B

B

T

QR

LT Cusp

N = 98

5.93 ± 0.52

0.26 ± 0.08

B

B

Q

NOP

 

MT Cusp

N = 297

4.47 ± 0.51

0.19 ± 0.08

C

C

M1

D1E1

MT Cusp

N = 228

4.81 ± 0.56

0.19 ± 0.07

C

C

A1B1C1

B1C1D1

Limnotrochus thomsoni

N = 8 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 25,875.14

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 3296.830

  

Mixed

Bridouxia praeclara

N = 4 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 20,873.79

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 4929.307

  

Solid

 

CT Cusp

N = 132

5.87 ± 0.80

0.23 ± 0.09

A

A

R

T

  

CT Cusp

N = 71

7.92 ± 1.03

0.35 ± 0.08

A

A

F

CDEF

 
 

LT Cusp

N = 142

5.31 ± 0.42

0.21 ± 0.08

B

B

X

VWX

LT Cusp

N = 66

6.11 ± 0.35

0.24 ± 0.07

B

B

O

RS

 

MT Cusp

N = 290

3.83 ± 0.42

0.14 ± 0.05

C

C

T1

M1

MT Cusp

N = 142

4.77 ± 0.55

0.20 ± 0.06

C

C

C1D1E1

ZA1B1C1

Paramelania damoni

N = 4 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 11,870.71

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 1684.680

  

Mixed

Bridouxia rotundata

N = 6 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 20,354.73

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 4417.627

  

Solid

 

CT Cusp

N = 68

6.00 ± 0.81

0.26 ± 0.12

A

A

P

MN

  

CT Cusp

N = 88

8.04 ± 1.14

0.36 ± 0.09

A

A

DE

BC

 
 

LT Cusp

N = 60

5.48 ± 0.45

0.21 ± 0.08

B

B

UV

VWX

LT Cusp

N = 95

6.50 ± 0.52

0.28 ± 0.09

B

B

L

J

 

MT Cusp

N = 137

4.03 ± 0.42

0.14 ± 0.07

C

C

S1

M1

MT Cusp

N = 109

4.78 ± 0.70

0.20 ± 0.08

C

C

A1B1C1D1

A1B1C1

Anceya giraudi

N = 5 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 1598.901

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 560.1817

  

Soft

Lavigeria grandis

N = 6 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 38,217.95

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 3899.479

  

Solid

 

CT Cusp

N = 102

4.30 ± 0.69

0.19 ± 0.05

A

A

P1Q1

E1F1

  

CT Cusp

N = 84

8.07 ± 1.11

0.34 ± 0.13

A

A

D

EF

 
 

LT Cusp

N = 99

4.67 ± 0.32

0.22 ± 0.05

B

B

F1

TU

LT Cusp

N = 111

6.45 ± 0.46

0.29 ± 0.09

B

B

LM

I

 

MT Cusp

N = 171

4.03 ± 0.59

0.18 ± 0.07

C

C

S1

G1H1I1

MT Cusp

N = 208

4.50 ± 0.36

0.19 ± 0.08

C

C

L1M1

D1E1F1

Chytra kirki

N = 3 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 8124.837

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 157.4867

  

Soft

Lavigeria livingstoniana

N = 4 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 20,914.61

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 3411.923

  

Solid

 

CT Cusp

N = 66

4.17 ± 0.26

0.17 ± 0.06

C

C

R1

J1K1

  

CT Cusp

N = 81

7.74 ± 0.97

0.33 ± 0.09

A

A

H

H

 
 

LT Cusp

N = 61

4.38 ± 0.12

0.17 ± 0.06

B

B

N1O1

I1J1

LT Cusp

N = 74

6.69 ± 0.45

0.27 ± 0.07

B

B

K

JK

 

MT Cusp

N = 120

4.66 ± 0.21

0.19 ± 0.07

A

A

F1G1

E1F1

MT Cusp

N = 155

4.62 ± 0.48

0.20 ± 0.04

C

C

G1H1

ZA1B1

Cleopatra johnstoni

N = 8 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 252.9942

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 205.9801

  

Soft

Lavigeria nassa

N = 9 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 44,599.76

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 4134.603

  

Solid

 

CT Cusp

N = 151

4.65 ± 0.42

0.21 ± 0.08

B

A

F1G1H1

VWXY

  

CT Cusp

N = 178

8.40 ± 0.85

0.36 ± 0.11

A

A

B

B

 
 

LT Cusp

N = 123

4.56 ± 0.18

0.18 ± 0.06

C

C

I1K1

F1G1H1

LT Cusp

N = 176

6.19 ± 0.53

0.27 ± 0.08

B

B

N

KL

 

MT Cusp

N = 244

4.68 ± 0.31

0.19 ± 0.06

A

B

F1

D1E1F1

MT Cusp

N = 342

5.53 ± 0.50

0.24 ± 0.07

C

C

TU

S

Martelia tanganyicensis

N = 4 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 116.8776

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 244.2914

  

Soft

Lavigeria spinulosa

N = 6 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 29,162.21

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 3134.948

  

Solid

 

CT Cusp

N = 81

4.55 ± 0.49

0.20 ± 0.05

A

A

I1J1K1L1

XYZA1

  

CT Cusp

N = 106

7.88 ± 0.68

0.33 ± 0.10

A

A

F

GH

 
 

LT Cusp

N = 75

4.35 ± 0.48

0.18 ± 0.05

B

B

O1P1

E1F1G1H1

LT Cusp

N = 107

6.42 ± 0.40

0.26 ± 0.08

B

B

M

MN

 

MT Cusp

N = 152

4.52 ± 0.53

0.17 ± 0.07

A

C

K1L1

J1K1

MT Cusp

N = 219

5.01 ± 0.63

0.21 ± 0.07

C

C

Z

WXY

Mysorelloides multisulcata N = 2 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 337.2236

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 109.8094

  

Soft

Leloupiella

minima

N = 5 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 15,762.00

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 739.7396

  

Solid

 

CT Cusp

N = 41

5.06 ± 0.43

0.26 ± 0.10

C

B

YZ

LMNO

  

CT Cusp

N = 92

7.99 ± 1.22

0.34 ± 0.16

A

A

E

F

 
 

LT Cusp

N = 39

5.39 ± 0.13

0.28 ± 0.03

A

A

VW

IJ

LT Cusp

N = 84

6.06 ± 0.39

0.27 ± 0.08

B

B

OP

KLM

 

MT Cusp

N = 74

5.12 ± 0.35

0.25 ± 0.06

B

C

Y

PQR

MT Cusp

N = 177

5.30 ± 0.37

0.25 ± 0.09

C

C

X

OPQ

Paramelania crassigranulata

N = 3 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 212.7667

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 221.3736

  

Soft

Reymondia horei

N = 6 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 17,244.19

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 2694.074

  

Solid

 

CT Cusp

N = 59

4.76 ± 0.36

0.22 ± 0.08

A

A

B1C1D1E1

TU

  

CT Cusp

N = 97

8.21 ± 1.34

0.35 ± 0.15

A

A

C

BCD

 
 

LT Cusp

N = 63

4.61 ± 0.21

0.19 ± 0.07

C

B

F1G1

C1D1E1F1

LT Cusp

N = 102

6.48 ± 0.85

0.29 ± 0.11

B

B

L

I

 

MT Cusp

N = 116

4.67 ± 0.24

0.19 ± 0.07

B

B

G1H1I1J1

D1E1F1

MT Cusp

N = 216

4.99 ± 0.65

0.20 ± 0.09

C

C

Z

YZ

Paramelania iridescence

N = 4 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 401.3311

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 218.9492

  

Soft

Spekia zonata

N = 7 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 11,499.22

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 1089.918

  

Solid

 

CT Cusp

N = 76

4.65 ± 0.38

0.22 ± 0.08

B

A

F1G1H1

UV

  

CT Cusp

N = 110

8.09 ± 0.65

0.34 ± 0.07

A

A

D

DEFG

 
 

LT Cusp

N = 78

4.55 ± 0.18

0.18 ± 0.06

C

B

K1L1

E1F1G1H1

LT Cusp

N = 112

5.78 ± 0.42

0.27 ± 0.09

B

B

S

JKLM

 

MT Cusp

N = 144

4.73 ± 0.24

0.18 ± 0.07

A

B

E1

E1F1G1

MT Cusp

N = 111

4.74 ± 0.50

0.21 ± 0.07

C

C

D1E1

VW

Syrnolopsis lacustris

N = 9 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 5510.110

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 842.0682

  

Soft

Stanleya neritinoides

N = 4 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 26,627.28

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 5043.367

  

Solid

 

CT Cusp

N = 127

4.82 ± 0.29

0.18 ± 0.06

A

A

A1

G1H1I1

CT Cusp

N = 59

9.32 ± 1.09

0.51 ± 0.18

A

A

A

A

 

LT Cusp

N = 132

4.64 ± 0.26

0.16 ± 0.06

B

B

F1G1H1

L1

LT Cusp

N = 55

6.96 ± 0.55

0.29 ± 0.12

B

B

J

I

 

MT Cusp

N = 273

4.41 ± 0.21

0.14 ± 0.06

C

C

N1

M1

MT Cusp

N = 106

4.83 ± 0.53

0.19 ± 0.06

C

C

A1B1

D1E1F1

Tiphobia horei

N = 2 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 298.3816

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 695.6014

  

Soft

Tanganyicia rufofilosa

N = 7 specimens

   

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 24,804.23

p < 0.0001

F-ratio: 2

df: 420.1531

  

Solid

 

CT Cusp

N = 45

4.97 ± 0.65

0.26 ± 0.08

A

A

Z

KLMN

CT Cusp

N = 121

7.27 ± 0.80

0.24 ± 0.14

A

A

I

R

 

LT Cusp

N = 43

4.26 ± 0.42

0.17 ± 0.07

C

B

Q1

H1I1J1K1

LT Cusp

N = 101

5.40 ± 0.29

0.21 ± 0.07

B

B

W

VWX

 

MT Cusp

N = 78

4.78 ± 0.86

0.16 ± 0.08

B

C

A1B1C1D1E1

K1L1

MT Cusp

N = 242

4.61 ± 0.60

0.19 ± 0.08

C

C

H1J1

D1E1

  1. Connecting letters from Tukey–Kramer test (which are usually plotted above the boxplots in Fig. 10) are listed under (A) and (B) identifying homogenous groups for (A) comparing the tooth types [CT, LT, and MT] within a single species and (B) comparing all species and structures
  2. CT central tooth, LT lateral tooth, MT marginal tooth
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BMC Ecology and Evolution

ISSN: 2730-7182

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