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Fig. 7 | BMC Ecology and Evolution

Fig. 7

From: Evolutionary pattern of karyotypes and meiosis in pholcid spiders (Araneae: Pholcidae): implications for reconstructing chromosome evolution of araneomorph spiders

Fig. 7

Pholcinae, male karyotypes, Giemsa staining. Based on two sister metaphases II (ac, e, f) or metaphase II (d). a Leptopholcus guineensis. Chromosome pairs form two size groups, large-sized (nos 1–3) and small-sized (nos 4–7). The X2 chromosome replaced by X2 from another plate. The X2 and Y chromosome as well as three pairs (nos 2, 3, 5) submetacentric. Sex chromosomes positively heteropycnotic; b Pholcus kindia. Chromosomes biarmed except for one subtelocentric pair (no. 6). Chromosomes X1 and Y longest elements of karyotype, chromosomes X2 and Y positively heteropycnotic; c Pholcus sp. Chromosome pairs form two size groups, large-sized (nos 1–5) and small-sized (nos 6–11). Chromosomes metacentric except for three submetacentric (nos 7, 9, 11) and one acrocentric pairs (no. 4), and subtelocentric X2 chromosome. Y chromosome positively heteropycnotic; d Quamtana filmeri, haploid karyotype. Chromosomes metacentric except for one submetacentric (no. 4) and two subtelocentric pairs (nos 3, 5), and subtelocentric X2 chromosome. Y chromosome replaced by Y from another plate. Sex chromosomes positively heteropycnotic. Centromeres of sex chromosomes marked by arrowheads; e Belisana sabah. Karyotype metacentric except for one submetacentric pair (no. 3). First pair considerably longer than the other pairs, which gradually decrease in size. Third and eleventh pairs replaced by corresponding pairs from another plate. X chromosome positively heteropycnotic; f Micropholcus fauroti, chromosomes metacentric. Bar = 10 µm

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