Fig. 16

Smeringopinae: karyotype characters mapped on a cladogram. Based on the most recent molecular phylogeny of Pholcidae [20, 21]. Standard continuous lines: low bootstrapping branch support, i.e. < 70%; thick continuous lines: modest to full support of hypotheses, ≥ 70% [21]; discontinuous lines: taxa not included in molecular phylogeny—phylogenetic position is based on other sources [81] and/or on cytogenetic data (dashed lines) or unresolved (dotted lines). Number above mark: number of character; number below mark: character state. Full marks: characters without homoplasy; empty marks: homoplasic characters. In some species, data on some characters are missing (information in square brackets). Selected events are marked E and numbered (see Additional file 1: Table S1 for chromosomes formed by these events). Chromosomes formed by the other events are identifiable unequivocally in Additional file 1: Table S1. Concerning chromosome pairs, only well-defined events changing chromosome morphology substantially are considered. Reconstruction of karyotype evolution is based on our data, except for taxa marked by the formula (RX) (some information taken from reference X). See “Methods” (pp. 32–33) for coding of characters