Fig. 4

Patchmaps show within and among patch variability in PC values, model parameters, and best-fit models. PC scale bars at top show axes of color variance encompassed by each PC. Each patch in a patchmap was colored according to values for principal component variance (a), the modeled parameters lambda (b), Brownian Motion rate (c), delta (d) and OU alpha (e), and the best-fit model, after model adequacy (f). The left and right patchmaps within each panel represent PC1 and PC2, respectively. From top to bottom, the darker patches are less variable across taxa (a), have less phylogenetic signal (b), are evolving slower (c), diversified closer to the tips of the tree (d), or were relatively more constrained (e). See Additional file 4: Table S2 for a full listing of model-fit parameters