Table 1 List of study traits measured in 403 Populus trichocarpa individuals from 139 provenances classified into 29 populations of three demes in a common environment over two years

 Bud set

d (Julian date)

 Canopy duration (bud break to 100% leaf drop)

d (Julian date)

 Growth period (bud break to final bud set)

d (Julian date)

 Leaf drop

d (Julian date)

 Post-bud set period (bud set to 100% leaf drop)

d (Julian date)

 Active growth rate

cm d⁻¹

 Height: diameter (ratio)

cm: cm

 Height

cm

 Volume

cm³

 A_max (maximum photosynthetic rate)

μmol CO₂ m⁻² s⁻¹

 A_max/mass (photosynthetic rate per unit dry mass)

μmol CO₂ g⁻¹ s^− 1

 C: N (carbon to nitrogen ratio)

mg mg^− 1

 ∆_leaf (leaf carbon isotope discrimination)

‰

 δ¹⁵N (stable nitrogen isotope ratio)

‰

 g_s (stomatal conductance)

mol H₂O m⁻² s^− 1

 LMA_summer (leaf mass per unit area in summer)

mg cm^− 2

 N_area (leaf nitrogen content per unit area)

mg mm^− 2

 N_mass (leaf nitrogen content per unit dry mass)

mg mg^− 1

 NUE (photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency)

μmol CO₂ g⁻¹ N s^− 1

 WUE (instantaneous water-use efficiency)

μmol CO₂ mmol^− 1 H₂O