Table 5 Results of the third set of analyses. Procrustes distances were used to compare the mean of the sample of pathological H. sapiens vertebrae with the mean shapes of the healthy H. sapiens and P. troglodytes vertebrae samples, and with the fossil hominin vertebra. Analyses are grouped on the basis of the fossil specimen they included and are arranged in natural sort order and then by position in the vertebral column. PCs = Number of retained PCs plus the percentage of shape variance they explain. PD = Procrustes distance
Fossil specimen (species) | PCs | Comparison | PD |
|---|---|---|---|
Kebara 2 penultimate thoracic (Homo neanderthalensis) | PCs 1–25 (95.2%) | Pathological H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Healthy H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Pathological H. sapiens vs Kebara 2 Healthy H. sapiens vs Kebara 2 | 0.0879 0.1047 0.0179 0.0283 |
Kebara 2 final thoracic (Homo neanderthalensis) | PCs 1–42 (95.1%) | Pathological H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Healthy H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Pathological H. sapiens vs Kebara 2 Healthy H. sapiens vs Kebara 2 | 0.0681 0.0729 0.0222 0.0226 |
Kebara 2 first lumbar (Homo neanderthalensis) | PCs 1–38 (95.2%) | Pathological H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Healthy H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Pathological H. sapiens vs Kebara 2 Healthy H. sapiens vs Kebara 2 | 0.1098 0.1134 0.0442 0.0552 |
MH1 first lumbar (Australopithecus sediba) | PCs 1–38 (95.2%) | Pathological H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Healthy H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Pathological H. sapiens vs MH1 Healthy H. sapiens vs MH1 | 0.1098 0.1134 0.0451 0.0561 |
Shanidar 3 penultimate thoracic (Homo neanderthalensis) | PCs 1–25(95.2%) | Pathological H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Healthy H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Pathological H. sapiens vs Shanidar 3 Healthy H. sapiens vs Shanidar 3 | 0.0879 0.1047 0.0269 0.0329 |
Shanidar 3 final thoracic (Homo neanderthalensis) | PCs 1–42 (95.1%) | Pathological H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Healthy H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Pathological H. sapiens vs Shanidar 3 Healthy H. sapiens vs Shanidar 3 | 0.0681 0.0729 0.0188 0.0202 |
Shanidar 3 first lumbar (Homo neanderthalensis) | PCs 1–38 (95.2%) | Pathological H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Healthy H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Pathological H. sapiens vs Shanidar 3 Healthy H. sapiens vs Shanidar 3 | 0.1098 0.1134 0.0365 0.0468 |
SK853 final thoracic (Paranthropus robustus) | PCs 1–42 (95.1%) | Pathological H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Healthy H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Pathological H. sapiens vs SK853 Healthy H. sapiens vs SK853 | 0.0681 0.0729 0.0377 0.0404 |
SK3981a final thoracic (Paranthropus robustus) | PCs 1–42 (95.1%) | Pathological H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Healthy H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Pathological H. sapiens vs SK3981a Healthy H. sapiens vs SK3981a | 0.0681 0.0729 0.0464 0.0450 |
Sts-14 penultimate thoracic (Australopithecus africanus) | PCs 1–40 (95.1%) | Pathological H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Healthy H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Pathological H. sapiens vs Sts-14 Healthy H. sapiens vs Sts-14 | 0.0879 0.1047 0.0435 0.0453 |
Sts-14 final thoracic (Australopithecus africanus) | PCs 1–42 (95.1%) | Pathological H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Healthy H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Pathological H. sapiens vs Sts-14 Healthy H. sapiens vs Sts-14 | 0.0681 0.0729 0.0244 0.0270 |
Sts-14 first lumbar (Australopithecus africanus) | PCs 1–38 (95.2%) | Pathological H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Healthy H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Pathological H. sapiens vs Sts-14 Healthy H. sapiens vs Sts-14 | 0.1098 0.1134 0.0300 0.0388 |
U.W. 101–1733 penultimate thoracic (Homo naledi) | PCs 1–25 (95.2%) | Pathological H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Healthy H. sapiens vs P. troglodytes Pathological H. sapiens vs U.W. 101–1733 Healthy H. sapiens vs U.W. 101–1733 | 0.0879 0.1047 0.0138 0.0287 |