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Fig. 3 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fig. 3

From: Fruit syndromes in Viburnum: correlated evolution of color, nutritional content, and morphology in bird-dispersed fleshy fruits

Fig. 3

Phylogenetic PCAs of five fruit traits: lipid content, moisture content, pulp volume, fruit width, and endocarp flatness. The four fruit color categories identified here are plotted according to their colors: blue (triangles), red (+ marks), black-sequential (purple color, squares), and black-synchronous (black color, circles). a Convex hulls demonstrate that the fruit color categories differentiate in PCA space when accounting for phylogeny, even when color is not included as an input variable. b Variable loadings on the first two PC axes

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