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Fig. 1 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fig. 1

From: Fruit syndromes in Viburnum: correlated evolution of color, nutritional content, and morphology in bird-dispersed fleshy fruits

Fig. 1

Viburnum fruits exhibit a wide variety of fruit colors, developmental patterns, and endocarp shapes. a Viburnum displays four distinct colors at maturity: black, yellow, red, and blue. b Each species also exhibits one of two developmental patterns, either sequential (where immature fruits and mature fruits persist on the same infructescence, and the immature fruits provide a contrasting color to the mature fruits) or synchronous (where all fruits develop at the same time from green to their mature fruit color). c Endocarp shape varies in two dimensions: in profile, the endocarp may appear round or elliptical. In cross-section, the endocarp may appear round, flat, or wavy. Endocarp shape was measured according to the labels here (length, width, and height). d Viburnum fruit colors have evolved independently multiple times. Here, we illustrate these independent origins with example species from each origin. Black-sequential fruits only evolved once, but black-synchronous fruits evolved three times from red-fruited ancestors; shown here are two of those three origins

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