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Fig. 4 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fig. 4

From: Human-specific mutations in VMAT1 confer functional changes and multi-directional evolution in the regulation of monoamine circuits

Fig. 4

Expression level and functional activity of YFP-VMAT1 variants. a Quantification of uptake of FFN206 measured by the fluorescence intensity of FFN206 normalized to that of YFP and (b) expression level of each variant in each cell measured by the fluorescence intensity of YFP. The fluorescent intensity is shown in fold change to that of cells expressing YFP-VMAT1 130Gly/136Ile (without reserpine). Control conditions are shown in white bars. Data are the mean ± SEM from five independent experiments. In each experiment, 200 (lane 1–5) or 100 (lane 6 and 7) cells were measured. After observing significant differences among variants by one-way ANOVA (P = 3.7 × 10− 13 and P = 3.6 × 10− 13 for FFN206 uptake and expression level, respectively), analyses of variance with Tukey’s honestly significant difference (HSD) post-hoc tests were applied. Statistically significant differences (P < 0.05) are indicated by different letters. Detailed data are shown in (Additional file 2, 3, 4 and 5: Table S1–S4)

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