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Table 4 Results of standard Mantel tests, partial-Mantel tests and Multiple Matrix Regression with Randomization (MMRR) analyses

From: Geographic isolation and climatic variability contribute to genetic differentiation in fragmented populations of the long-lived subalpine conifer Pinus cembra L. in the western Alps

Test

Parameters

R

β

p

Mantel

Gen vs. Geo

0.423

–

0.001***

Gen vs. Clim

0.319

–

0.009***

partial-Mantel

Gen vs. Geo (Clim)

0.269

–

0.011**

Gen vs. Clim (Geo)

0.313

–

0.020**

MMRR

Gen vs. Geo + Clim

0.342

Geo: 0.002

0.531ns

  

Clim: 0.004

0.002***

Gen vs. Geo + Alt

0.200

Geo: 0.011

0.001***

  

Alt: 0.004

0.205ns

  1. significance calculated with 999 permutations: **p < 0.05, ***p < 0.01, ns; not significant
  2. Gen, genetic distance (FST); Geo, geographic distance; Clim, climatic distance partial-Mantel tests: X ~ Y(Z) is the correlation between X and Y matrices, controlling for Z