Fig. 3

Boxplots showing the relationship between male parental care and female promiscuity. The pink boxes indicate the first and third quartiles where the internal line is the median; bars are 1.5 interquartile ranges with outliers indicated. Numbers indicate sample sizes. Plots are shown separately for the three stages of the breeding cycle: a nest building, b incubation, and c chick provisioning. Male parental care was scored as one of four categories: no male care, male care lower than female care, male care equal to female care, and male care only