Fig. 8
From: The evolution of functional complexity within the β-amylase gene family in land plants
A model for the expansion and evolution of the β-amylase gene family in plants. Cladogram of extant land plant lineages indicating the appearance of the different BAM isoforms in relation to the evolution of key traits that marked the transition from an aquatic life to a terrestrial one. The green algae charophyte already contained BAM5 and an ancestral version of BAMs from clades I-III (BAM1/3/10-like). BAM4, BAM9 as well as at least one gene encoding for BZR-BAM were present in the ancestor of all land plants. BAM1, BAM3 and BAM10 appeared in seed plants, while BAM7 and BAM8 (the two BZR-BAMs) emerged in coincidence with the evolution of flowering plants. BAM2 and BAM6 originated from BAM7 and BAM5, respectively, from a recent duplication event. BAM6 is only present in Brassicales