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Fig. 3 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fig. 3

From: Adaptation and constraint in the evolution of the mammalian backbone

Fig. 3

Whole-column analysis of vertebral shape. PCA based on concatenated ‘whole-column’ shape (see Methods, Additional file 1: Supplementary Materials and Methods). A. Phylogenetic relationships plotted to create a phylomorphospace. Cs: Chyrsochloris stuhlmanni; Te: Talpa europaea; Mt: Manis temminckii; Gg: Gorilla gorilla; Ec: Equus caballus; Lg: Lama glama; La: Lepus americanus; Fc: Felis catus. B. grouped by Superorder; C. grouped by locomotor ecology. Ch: Choloepus hofmanni; Ee: Erinaceus europaeus; Gg: Gorilla gorilla

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