Fig. 5

Caudal skeleton, a and b: Holtbyrnia anomala, 55 mm SL, 118 mm SL, c: Maulisia argipalla, 115 mm SL, d: Denticeps clupeoides, 31 mm SL (epineurals and epipleurals were removed), e: Clupea harengus, 83 mm SL, f: Dawkinsia tambraparniei, 27 mm SL (epineurals and epipleurals were removed). Cartilages are blue and bones are red. The star marks the uroneural, which is fused with the compound center and thus is a pleurostyl (Character 7). The arrow in a-c marks the common cartilaginous base of the hypurals 1 and 2 (Character 8). Abbreviations: CC: compound centrum = PU1 + UI + UII + napu1 + nauI + un1 + hy2; ep, epural; hepu, haemal arch of preural centrum; hspu, haemal spine of preural centrum; hy, hypural; mc, medial cartilage; napu, neural arch of preural centrum; nau, neural arch of ural centrum; nspu, neural spine of preural centrum; nsu, neural spine of ural centrum; ph, parhypural; PU, preural centrum; U, ural centrum; un, uroneural; un*, uroneural fused with the preural centrum (e) or compound centrum (f). Scale bar =1 mm