Fig. 2
From: Musculoskeletal networks reveal topological disparity in mammalian neck evolution
Phylogenetic signal and disparity through time (DTT) for neck network parameters across mammals. a Number of elements N; (b) Number of connections K; (c) Density of connections D; (d) Heterogeneity of connections H; (e) Parcellation index P; (f) mean subclade disparity through time plot. Gray vertical lines indicate Cretaceous-Tertiary (K/T) Paleocen-Eocene (P/E), and Eocene-Oligocene (E/O) boundary. Numbers indicate selected taxa: 1 Monotremata: 2 Theria; 3 Marsupialia; 4 Placentalia; 5 Xenarthra; 6 Afrotheria; 7 Cetartiodactyla. In (f). the solid line indicates actual median subclade DTT of the sample. The dashed line indicates the median subclade DTT based on 10,000 simulations of character evolution under Brownian motion. The shaded area indicates the 95% DTT range for the simulated data