Fig. 2

State-dependent diversification in Saxifraga. a Saxifraga phylogeny with estimated diversification rate regimes according to BAMM (Fig. 1, warmer colours indicate higher rates). Phylogenetic distributions of species’ traits are indicated in green (cushion habit) and blue (lime-secreting hydathodes), the geographical distribution (presence in the Hengduan Mountains) is shown in purple. b Speciation rates in the Hengduan Mountain hotspot vs. other regions. c Speciation rates of cushion saxifrages vs. other life forms. Analysis was constrained to parts of the Saxifraga phylogeny indicated by the star in a Drawing depicts habit of S. lilacina [87], cushion indicated by green shading. d Speciation rates of lineages carrying lime-secreting hydathodes vs. others. The analysis was constrained to parts of the Saxifraga phylogeny indicated by the star in a Drawings depict stem of S. imbricata, with lime-secreting hydathodes on each leaf tip and a single cauline leaf of S. lilacina bearing five lime-secreting hydathodes [87]