Skip to main content
Fig. 3 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fig. 3

From: Sexual selection and the evolution of male pheromone glands in philanthine wasps (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)

Fig. 3

3D-reconstructions of the postpharyngeal gland (PPG) and the mandibular gland (MG) of male Philanthinae. Species IDs (corresponding to Table 1): (1) Cerceris quinquefasciata, (2) Cerceris rybyensis, (3) Clypeadon laticinctus, (4) Philanthinus quattuordecimpunctatus, (6) Philanthus pulcherrimus, (7) Philanthus spec. (India), (8) Philanthus venustus, (9) Philanthus capensis, (10) Philanthus coronatus, (11) Philanthus fuscipennis, (13) Philanthus loefflingi, (14) Philanthus melanderi, (15) Philanthus rugosus, (17) Philanthus triangulum diadema, (18) Philanthus albopilosus, (19) Philanthus barbiger, (20) Philanthus bicinctus, (21) Philanthus crotoniphilus, (23) Philanthus gloriosus, (24) Philanthus multimaculatus, (26) Philanthus pacificus, (27) Philanthus parkeri, (28) Philanthus politus, (29) Philanthus psyche, (30) Philanthus pulcher, (31) Philanthus ventilabris, (32) Trachypus elongatus. Boxes a - g indicate phylogeographic classification of species (according to [33], see key in figure). Color code for 3D-structures: orange, upper part of the PPG; red, lower part of the PPG; dark blue, upper part of the MG; light blue, lower part of the MG, turquoise, thin-walled MG reservoir of the Cercerini and Aphilanthopsini; black, pharynx. Due to limited availability of serial histological sections, for species (9), (10), and (23) only the right side of the paired gland reservoirs could be reconstructed, while for species (24), both reservoirs of the MG, but only the right half of the PPG are depicted; for species (6), (7), (10)-(15), and (31), the fine branches originating from the main PPG reservoir [see e.g. species (8) and (20)] could not be reconstructed based on semithin section due to their very fine structure and high number. Scale bars = 0.25 mm

Back to article page