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Fig. 1 | BMC Evolutionary Biology

Fig. 1

From: Sexual selection and the evolution of male pheromone glands in philanthine wasps (Hymenoptera, Crabronidae)

Fig. 1

3D-reconstruction of the internal structures of a male Philanthus rugosus head. a Anterior view, b posterior view. The upper postpharyngeal gland reservoir (PPG; orange) originates dorsally from the pharynx (black) and basically consists of two pairs of lateral evaginations, one extending dorsally around the brain (light grey) (dPPG; see also Additional file 1: Figure S1 A) and one extending laterally anterior to the brain (aPPG; see also Additional file 1: Figure S1 B). The fine branches originating from the dorsal part of the upper PPG (see also Additional file 1: Figure S1 C) are surrounded by syncytia of secretory cells (yellow, shown only for the left side of the head). The upper mandibular gland reservoirs (MG; blue) have their openings at the dorsal mandibular base and extend laterally. The MG is associated with single NQ-class 3 gland cells (green, shown only for the left side of the head capsule). Abbreviations: aPPG, anterior parts of the upper PPG reservoir; br, brain; dPPG, dorsal parts of the upper PPG reservoir; gc3, single NQ-class 3 gland cells associated with the MG; mg, upper MG reservoir; oc, ocelli; ph, pharynx; sy, syncytia of secretory cells associated with the fine branches of the dorsal part of the upper PPG. Scale bar = 0.5 mm

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