From: A genetic chronology for the Indian Subcontinent points to heavily sex-biased dispersals
Clade | ML | ρ whole mtDNA | ρ synonymous clock |
---|---|---|---|
N | 67.7 [58.4–77.1] | 63.5 [51.7–75.7] | 71.5 [51.3–91.8] |
R | 64.5 [55.9–73.2] | 57.0 [48.6–65.5] | 63.5 [49.1–77.8] |
R7 | 62.2 [52.9–71.7] | 62.0 [43.0–81.6] | 76.0 [42.2–109.8] |
R8b1 | 12.0 [7.0–17.1] | 11.1 [5.8–16.5] | 5.1 [2.1–8.1] |
R30 | 60.9 [49.6–72.5] | 53.0 [40.6–65.8] | 61.5 [40.5–82.6] |
R30c + 373 | 8.6 [0.0–48.1] | 9.0 [3.5–14.6] | 6.3 [0.5–12.1] |
R31 | 62.5 [53.0–72.1] | 70.8 [50.4–92.0] | 75.2 [43.3–107.1] |
M | 50.1 [44.8–55.5] | 41.2 [37.0–45.4] | 41.3 [34.6–48.0] |
M2 | 43.2 [34.7–52.0] | 51.2 [35.8–67.3] | 44.5 [23.2–65.8] |
M2a1a1b | 22.0 [0.0–6.0] | 3.3 [0.0–7.7] | 3.4 [0.0–10.0] |
M2a1b | 0.7 [0.0–2.5] | 0.6 [0.0–1.5] | 1.0 [0.0–2.9] |
M2a3a + 4314 | 0.9 [0.0–2.8] | 0.9 [0.0–2.5] | – |
M2c + 1888 + 146 | 2.5 [0.0–19.9] | 3.5 [0.0–8.4] | 10.5 [0.0–25.1] |
M3a1 + 204 + 14476 | 1.2 [0.0–2.7] | 1.0 [0.0–2.0] | 2.4 [0.0–5.0] |
M3a1 + 204 + 10845 + 13105 | 0.9 [0.0–3.3] | 0.9 [0.0–2.6] | 0.0 |
M3b | 1.8 [0.0–4.5] | 2.2 [0.0–5.7] | 5.5 [0.0–15.6] |
M4’67 | 38.0 [30.1–46.0] | 27.8 [23.4–32.3] | 22.7 [18.3–27.0] |
M5a1b1a1 (M5a1b + 3954 + 9833 + 16298) | 3.0 [1.0–5.0] | 2.7 [1.4–4.1] | 2.3 [0.0–4.7] |
M5a2a + 8158 + 199 | 1.9 [0.7–3.2] | 1.8 [0.7–2.8] | 3.0 [0.6–5.3] |
M5a2a2 + 234 | 1.5 [0.0–4.2] | 1.4 [0.2–2.7] | 2.6 [0.0–5.6] |
M5a3a | 0.7 [0.0–3.3] | – | – |
M5a3b | 1.6 [0.0–3.5] | 1.5 [0.1–3.0] | 1.6 [0.0–3.8] |
M5b | 33.0 [23.6–42.9] | 30.7 [20.9–40.9] | 36.9 [17.7–56.2] |
M5c | 35.2 [24.2–46.6] | 41.5 [28.2–55.3] | 49.3 [25.0–73.6] |
M6 | 35.6 [25.9–45.7] | 37.9 [23.4–53.2] | 48.7 [19.6–77.9] |
M6a1 + 5585 + 146 + 1508 | 1.3 [0.0–3.2] | 1.1 [0.0–2.3] | 0.9 [0.0–2.6] |
M6a1a | 11.4 [4.0–19.2] | 10.6 [6.6–14.7] | 10.3 [4.9–15.8] |
M13b | 32.8 [21.5–44.5] | 30.7 [17.1–45.2] | 33.8 [12.2–55.4] |
M18a | 9.2 [6.0–12.4] | 8.1 [5.6–10.5] | 6.0 [2.1–10.0] |
M30a2 | 2.3 [0.0–8.5] | 1.9 [0.0–4.8] | – |
M30d | 11.4 [4.6–18.5] | 9.2 [4.1–14.3] | 10.0 [2.8–17.2] |
M31 | 38.0 [27.9–48.4] | 38.4 [25.9–51.4] | 43.6 [20.6–66.7] |
M32’56 | 42.4 [25.8–60.0] | 33.0 [16.7–50.4] | 14.5 [0.5–28.4] |
M33a | 35.2 [24.5–46.3] | 29.1 [21.2–37.2] | 32.3 [19.3–45.3] |
M34 | 29.7 [19.4–40.4] | 28.1 [17.6–39.1] | 39.4 [17.9–60.9] |
M35 | 40.1 [25.4–55.5] | 26.9 [18.5–35.6] | 26.4 [15.5–37.3] |
M36 | 36.4 [25.8–47.4] | 26.9 [16.2–38.2] | 30.6 [11.6–49.6] |
M38 | 29.4 [20.4–38.7] | 32.5 [23.6–41.7] | 33.8 [19.4–48.2] |
M39 | 36.8 [27.3–46.6] | 23.7 [15.3–32.5] | 21.2 [9.1–33.2] |
M42b | 42.5 [33.8–51.4] | 43.5 [27.1–60.8] | 49.7 [22.4–77.1] |
M45 | 30.6 [19.0–42.8] | 30.7 [18.5–43.6] | 33.8 [14.1–53.5] |
M49 | 31.0 [21.2–41.2] | 26.3 [18.1–34.8] | 25.6 [13.6–37.5] |
M50 | 43.3 [30.6–56.6] | 47.4 [32.3–63.3] | 52.0 [26.4–77.7] |
M52 | 33.4 [23.4–43.9] | 31.0 [22.1–40.2] | 33.4 [19.0–47.9] |
M57 | 32.4 [18.2–47.3] | 28.8 [19.0–38.9] | 24.5 [11.5–37.6] |
M60 | 36.5 [23.3–50.4] | 24.8 [15.8–34.2] | 21.0 [8.9–33.2] |
M61 | 24.6 [13.6–36.2] | 11.8 [6.0–17.8] | 12.4 [1.4–23.4] |
M61 + 5294 | 1.6 [0.0–5.1] | 1.9 [0.0–4.8] | 2.0 [0.0–5.8] |
M63 | 1.4 [0.0–3.8] | 1.3 [0.0–2.8] | 1.3 [0.0–3.9] |
M65 | 29.3 [14.7–44.8] | 20.6 [12.6–29.0] | 21.3 [8.4–34.1] |
N1a2 | 12.5 [2.9–22.6] | 6.5 [2.1–11.2] | 7.9 [0.2–15.6] |
N1a1b1 | 20.9 [11.4–30.8] | 19.0 [10.4–27.9] | 22.1 [7.6–36.6] |
H2b | 6.2 [3.8–8.7] | 5.2 [3.4–7.1] | 4.8 [1.7–7.9] |
H13a2a + 8952 | 6.6 [1.3–12.1] | 7.2 [1.0–13.6] | 2.0 [0.0–5.8] |
H29 + 9156 + 4689 | 1.6 [0.0–4.7] | 1.3 [0.0–3.8] | 3.9 [0.0–11.7] |
HV + 73 | 23.7 [17.1–30.4] | 30.1 [19.6–41.0] | 29.8 [12.1–47.5] |
HV + 146 | 23.9 [10.3–38.4] | 19.0 [8.8–29.8] | 11.8 [0.0–25.2] |
HV + 9716 | 19.6 [8.1–31.8] | 13.4 [5.0–22.2] | 3.9 [0.0–11.7] |
HV + 16311 | 15.6 [9.9–21.5] | 15.5 [7.6–23.8] | 19.3 [3.4–35.1] |
HV2 | 21.9 [15.1–28.9] | 30.7 [17.9–44.2] | 38.1 [12.2–64.0] |
HV12b | 13.3 [5.3–21.6] | 12.6 [5.7–19.8] | 5.6 [0.7–10.6] |
HV14 + 150 | 6.9 [2.9–11.0] | 6.7 [1.0–12.6] | 11.4 [0.0–25.7] |
I1 | 13.8 [8.5–19.2] | 10.6 [6.3–15.0] | 11.8 [4.1–19.6] |
J1b1b1 | 13.9 [8.6–19.3] | 12.6 [7.9–17.4] | 12.4 [5.1–19.7] |
J1d | 24.1 [14.9–33.7] | 16.2 [10.2–22.3] | 17.3 [7.1–27.6] |
K1a1b2a | 10.4 [4.0–17.0] | 12.0 [4.1–20.3] | 7.9 [0.0–18.8] |
K2a5 | 7.6 [3.6–11.7] | 8.2 [3.9–12.6] | 5.3 [1.1–9.5] |
K2a5 + 2831 | 6.8 [2.9–10.7] | 8.4 [3.5–13.5] | 4.7 [0.0–10.1] |
K2a5 + 2831 + 189 | 5.9 [2.1–9.8] | 10.6 [3.2–18.4] | 7.9 [0.0–18.8] |
R0a2 + 11152 | 7.1 [1.1–13.3] | 6.5 [0.8–12.5] | 7.9 [0.0–18.8] |
R2a + 7142 | 3.2 [0.0–6.9] | 2.9 [0.0–5.9] | 1.8 [0.0–4.2] |
T2 + 195 + 4225 | 9.7 [2.9–16.8] | 6.8 [2.3–11.5] | 3.2 [0.0–7.5] |
T2b | 10.6 [5.3–16.0] | 7.1 [3.6–10.8] | 3.4 [0.0–7.2] |
T2d1a | 12.0 [5.0–19.3] | 10.6 [4.5–16.9] | 7.9 [0.0–16.8] |
T2e2 | 10.6 [3.4–18.1] | 12.0 [4.1–20.3] | 11.8 [0.0–25.2] |
U1a1 | 20.0 [14.4–25.7] | 15.2 [10.4–20.1] | 15.2 [6.2–24.3] |
U1a1a2a | 2.5 [0.0–7.3] | 1.9 [0.0–4.8] | 5.9 [0.0–14.6] |
U1a3 + 10253 | 10.3 [4.6–16.2] | 8.9 [4.6–13.3] | 10.8 [2.9–18.8] |
U1a3a | 5.2 [0.0–11.0] | 3.9 [0.0–8.4] | 3.9 [0.0–11.7] |
Pre-U1c | 21.4 [9.1–34.5] | 14.3 [6.7–22.2] | 13.1 [1.6–24.7] |
U2 | 52.3 [41.6–63.3] | 53.8 [41.8–66.2] | 54.1 [36.6–71.6] |
U2b2 | 9.2 [6.3–12.2] | 8.6 [6.1–11.1] | 9.9 [5.3–14.4 |
U2c1 + 146 | 1.4 [0.0–24.8] | 1.7 [0.0–5.1] | – |
U7a | 18.1 [14.4–22.0] | 18.8 [14.5–23.2] | 19.7 [11.5–27.9] |
U7a + 12373 | 10.2 [3.0–17.6] | 8.8 [2.8–15.0] | 10.5 [0.0–23.1] |
U7a3a + 6150 | 9.8 [4.4–15.4] | 8.6 [3.5–13.8] | 2.0 [0.0–5.8] |
U7b + 16309! | 10.9 [6.1–15.9] | 8.6 [3.6–13.8] | 8.4 [0.0–18.1] |
W3a1 + 143 | 9.8 [3.0–16.8] | 7.9 [1.5–14.5] | 19.7 [2.4–37.0] |
W3a1 + 1709 | 8.1 [1.6–15.0] | 6.5 [0.8–12.5] | – |
W3a1b | 11.4 [6.3–16.6] | 11.2 [6.1–16.3] | 7.1 [1.1–13.1] |
W4 | 15.8 [9.5–22.3] | 15.5 [8.7–22.5] | 11.8 [2.4–21.3] |
W6 | 11.5 [5.0–18.3] | 10.9 [5.7–16.3] | 13.1 [6.5–19.8] |
X2 + 153 + 7109 | 7.7 [0.0–17.0] | 4.3 [0.0–9.0] | 2.6 [0.0–7.8] |