Fig. 1From: Age, pathogen exposure, but not maternal care shape offspring immunity in an insect with facultative family lifeEffects of maternal presence, offspring age and pathogen exposure on offspring survival rate. The fitted values are given in function of (a) maternal presence and of (b) the interaction between pathogen exposure and offspring age in between each instar. Sample sizes are provided at the bottom of each bar. Different letters indicate statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). * p < 0.01Back to article page