Fig. 2

Schematic representation of the single-cell experiments. Cells were grown in a microfluidic chip for 2 h. In the ‘warning’ treatment (yellow trajectory) cells were then exposed to a low concentration of ampicillin (0 or 10 μg/mL) for 2 h; in the ‘no warning’ treatment (green trajectory) cells were not exposed to ampicillin during these 2 h. Next, cells were switched back to favorable conditions, i.e., medium without ampicillin, for 2 h. All cells were then stressed with 2000 μg/mL ampicillin for 1 h. Observation of the cells continued for 4 h after the stress event (total experiment time was 11 h)