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Table 1 Estimates of divergences dates and geological events

From: Two new genera of songbirds represent endemic radiations from the Shola Sky Islands of the Western Ghats, India

Event

Timing estimates (Ma)

Montecincla vs. sister group - split WG/Himalayas

11.57 (14.65 - 8.70)

Sholicola vs. sister group - split WG/Himalayas

11.83 (14.59 - 9.00)

within Montecincla - split across Palghat Gap [AB,CD]

4.7 (6.34 - 3.19)

within Sholicola - split across Palghat Gap [AB,CD]

4.33 (5.79 - 2.98)

within Montecincla - split across Shencottah Gap [C,D]

2.51 (3.60 - 1.60)

within Sholicola - split across Shencottah Gap [C,D]

0.86 (1.24 - 0.49)

within Montecincla - split across Chaliyar Valley [A,B]

0.33 (0.55 - 0.15)

Himalayas - peak constructional phase [55]

15 - 10.5

Tibetan Plateau - significantly uplift [55, 66]

10 - 8

Climate - enhanced aridity of Asia; onset of Indian monsoons [56–58, 66]

9 - 8

Vegetation - C4 plants start to replace C3 [56, 57]

6

Climate - major global shift; monsoons weakened [58]

2.6