Skip to main content

Table 1 Table of material and Genbank accession. Collectors references acronyms are Olivier Maurin (OM), Muthama Muasya (AMM), Sebsebe Demissew (SD), Pilar Catalán (PC), Ernesto Pérez-Collazos (EP). Genbank accessions in plain text are new to this study, accessions in bold were retrieved from www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov

From: Diversification into novel habitats in the Africa clade of Dioscorea (Dioscoreaceae): erect habit and elephant’s foot tubers

Taxon

Voucher (Museum)

Distribution

Habitat

Habit

rbcL

matK

trnL-F

trnH-psbA

PsaA-Ycf3

rpl32-trnL

Dioscorea brachybotrya Poepp.

Rudall P. s.n (K)

C. & S. Chile to Argentina

At medium altitude up to the timber line, and at low altitude in interior valleys

Shrub climber, 2 m in height

AF307469

AY956482

KM878027

KR086979

KR087124

KR088291

Dioscorea brownii Schinz

Grieve 53 (K)

South Africa - KwaZulu-Natal

Grassland

Pachycaul slightly emerging with annual solitary stems reaching 1 m in height

KR087028

KR086942

KR070855

KR086980

KR087125

KR088292

Dioscorea buchananii Benth.

Bingham10290 (K)

Tanzania, Angola, Malawi, Mozambique, Zambia, Zimbabwe, DRC

Combretum thickets and at proximity of woody outcrop

Twining wine with perennial tuber and stems up to 9 m long

KR087029

KR086943

KR070856

KR086981

KR087126

KR088293

Dioscorea bulbifera L.

OM3576 (BNRH)

Native in Tropical and subtropical region from Africa, Asia and Australasia. Introduced elsewhere

Forest and woodlands

Twining wine with perennial tuber and stems up to 12 m long

KR087030

KR086944

KR070857

KR086982

KR087127

KR088294

Dioscorea burchellii Baker

AMM6650 (BOL)

South Africa - Eastern Cape

At medium to high Altitude in dense fynbos vegetation

Tuberous perennial, shoot to 1 m height

KR087032

KR086946

KR070859

KR086984

KR087129

KR088296

Dioscorea burchellii Baker

AMM6704A (BOL)

-

-

-

KR087031

KR086945

KR070858

KR086983

KR087128

KR088295

Dioscorea chouardii Gaussen

PC334 (JACA)

Spain

Limestone rock-crevices

Tuberous perennial, shoot to 1 m height

KM877855

KM877907

KR070860

KR086985

KR087130

KR088297

Dioscorea communis (L.) Caddick & Wilkin

Chase536 (K)

Europe, North African and temperate Asia

Woodland and woodland hedges

Herbaceous with climbing stem, up to 4 m in height

KR087033

KR086947

KR070871

KR086996

KR087141

KR088308

Dioscorea cotinifolia Kunth

AMM6112 (BOL)

Mozambique, South Africa and Swaziland

Open dry forest, forest margins, scrubby vegetation and rocky places

Tuberous plant with vigorous annual twining stems reaching up to 10 m height

KR087034

KR086948

KR070862

KR086987

KR087132

KR088299

Dioscorea cotinifolia Kunth

AMM6158 (BOL)

-

-

-

KR087035

KR086949

KR070863

KR086988

KR087133

KR088300

Dioscorea cotinifolia Kunth

OM1458 (BNRH)

-

-

-

KR087036

KR086950

KR070864

KR086989

KR087134

KR088301

Dioscorea dregeana (Kunth) T. Durand & Schinz

AMM6104 (BOL)

Mozambique and South Africa

Forest, woodlands found among rocks and ravine

Tuberous plants with annual to persistent stems reaching up to 12 m height

KR087038

KR086952

KR070866

KR086991

KR087136

KR088303

Dioscorea dregeana (Kunth) T. Durand & Schinz

AMM6166 (BOL)

-

-

-

KR087039

KR086953

KR070868

KR086993

KR087138

KR088305

Dioscorea dregeana (Kunth) T. Durand & Schinz

OM1465 (BNRH)

-

-

-

JQ025042

JQ024957

KR070867

KR086992

KR087137

KR088304

Dioscorea dregeana (Kunth) T. Durand & Schinz

OM2247 (BNRH)

-

-

-

KR087037

KR086951

KR070865

KR086990

KR087135

KR088302

Dioscorea dumetorum (Kunth) Pax

OM2315 (BNRH)

Sub-Saharan Africa, excluding parts of Southern Africa

Forest and woodlands and along riverbanks, generally at low altitude

Tuberous plants with annual to persistent stems reaching up to 5 m height

KR087040

KR086954

KR070869

KR086994

KR087139

KR088306

Dioscorea dumetorum (Kunth) Pax

OM3953 (BNRH)

-

-

-

KR087041

KR086955

KR070870

KR086995

KR087140

KR088307

Dioscorea elephantipes (L’Hér.) Engl.

AMM5225 (BOL)

Namibia, South Africa - All Capes provinces

From Medium to high altitude, in thorny and succulent vegetation (e.g. Thickets)

Pachycaul up to 80 cm in diameter, with shoot up to 1 m height

KR087042

KR086956

KR070872

KR086997

KR087142

KR088309

Dioscorea elephantipes (L’Hér.) Engl.

AMM5226a (BOL)

-

-

-

KR087043

KR086957

KR070873

KR086998

KR087143

KR088310

Dioscorea elephantipes (L’Hér.) Engl.

AMM6713 (BOL)

-

-

-

KR087044

KR086958

KR070874

KR086999

KR087144

KR088311

Dioscorea galeottiana Kunth

Telez13090 (MEXU)

Centre America, Mexico

Tropical Dry Forest

Perennial tuber, climber

AY904796

AY956499

KM878046

KR087000

KR087145

KR088312

Dioscorea gillettii Milne-Redh.

SD7051 (ETH)

Southern Ethiopia

Dry woodland vegetation

Perennial tuber with twining stems up to 1.5 m height

KR087046

KR086960

KR070876

KR087002

KR087147

KR088314

Dioscorea gillettii Milne-Redh.

SD7052 (ETH)

-

-

-

KR087045

KR086959

KR070875

KR087001

KR087146

KR088313

Dioscorea hemicrypta Burkill

AMM5800 (BOL)

South Africa - Western Cape

From Medium to high altitude, in thorny and succulent vegetation (e.g. Thickets)

Pachycaul, partially emerged with annual shoot emerging from the crown

KR087050

KR086964

KR070880

KR087006

KR087151

KR088318

Dioscorea hemicrypta Burkill

AMM6633 (BOL)

-

-

-

KR087049

KR086963

KR070879

KR087005

KR087150

KR088317

Dioscorea hemicrypta Burkill

AMM6886a (BOL)

-

-

-

KR087047

KR086961

KR070877

KR087003

KR087148

KR088315

Dioscorea hemicrypta Burkill

AMM6697 (BOL)

-

-

-

KR087048

KR086962

KR070878

KR087004

KR087149

KR088316

Dioscorea kituiensis Wilkin & Muasya

Mwachala 949a (K)

Eastern Kenya

Rocky area in dry woodlands

Tuberous perennial with twining stems reaching 1.5 m height

KR087051

KR086965

KR070881

KR087007

KR087152

KR088319

Dioscorea multiloba Kunth

AMM6167 (BOL)

South Africa - Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal and Swaziland

High altitude forests vegetation.

Tuberous perennial with twining stems reaching 2 m in height

KR087052

KR086966

KR070882

KR087008

KR087153

KR088320

Dioscorea mundii Baker

AMM6641 (BOL)

South Africa - Western Cape

Coastal forest vegetation

Perennial with underground tuber from which stems arise (or from the bases of old stems) that climb to at least 5 m in height in surrounding vegetation

KR087054

KR086968

KR070884

KR087010

KR087155

KR088322

Dioscorea mundii Baker

AMM6642 (BOL)

-

-

-

KR087053

KR086967

KR070883

KR087009

KR087154

KR088321

Dioscorea orientalis (J. Thiébaut) Caddick & Wilkin

Tori 1 (HUJ)

Temperate western Asia

Mediterranean Woodlands and Shrublands

Geophyte, climber

KM877858

KM877911

KM878066

KR087011

KR087156

KR088323

Dioscorea prazeri Prain & Burkill

Wilkin1075 (K)

Asia

Open vegetation in mixed forests

Rhizome, with climbing stem up to 5 m height

AY973485

KM877871

KM878019

KR087012

KR087157

KR088324

Dioscorea pyrenaica Bubani & Bordère ex Gren.

EP1038 (JACA)

France, Spain (Pyrenees mountain range)

On limestone rocks

Tuberculous plant with short annual stems reaching 40 cm height

KM877859

KM877912

KM878067

KR087013

KR087158

n.a.

Dioscorea rupicola Kunth

AMM3676 (BOL)

South Africa - Eastern Cape, KwaZulu-Natal

Occurring in open areas at high altitude in shady temperate and humid forest

Perennial tuber with twining stems growing on surrounding vegetation

KR087055

KR086969

KR070885

KR087014

KR087159

KR088325

Dioscorea sansibarensis Pax

OM2421 (BNRH)

Sub-Saharan Africa, including Madagascar but excluding Southern Africa

Humid forest, low altitude, along riverine

Large tuberous species with vigorous stems up to 30 m in length climbing and trailing on surrounding vegetation

KR087056

KR086970

KR070886

KR087015

KR087160

KR088326

Dioscorea schimperana Hochst. ex Kunth

OM2372 (BNRH)

Tropical Africa, including Zambia, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Mozambique

Open vegetation, on Rocks, termites’ mounts and along riverbanks

Annual tuber, producing vigorous shoots reaching 8 m height

KR087058

KR086972

KR070888

KR087017

KR087162

KR088328

Dioscorea schimperana Hochst. ex Kunth

OM3532 (BNRH)

-

-

-

KR087057

KR086971

KR070887

KR087016

KR087161

KR088327

Dioscorea stipulosa Uline ex R. Knuth

AMM6748 (BOL)

South Africa - Eastern Cape

In fynbos, in moist rich soils

Perennial tuber with annual shoot reaching up to 3 m in length

KR087060

KR086974

KR070890

KR087019

KR087164

KR088330

Dioscorea stipulosa Uline ex R. Knuth

AMM6800 (BOL)

-

-

-

KR087059

KR086973

KR070889

KR087018

KR087163

KR088329

Dioscorea strydomiana Wilkin

AMM6124 (BOL)

South Africa, Mpumalanga

Open woodland

Pachycaul up to 80 cm in diameter, with shoot up to 90 cm height

KF147467

KF147390

KR070892

KR087021

KR087166

KR088332

Dioscorea strydomiana Wilkin

Burrows 10627 (BNRH)

-

-

-

KR087061

KR086975

KR070891

KR087020

KR087165

KR088331

Dioscorea sylvatica Eckl.

Burrows 12487 (BNRH)

Southern Africa

Found from low to high altitude in a variable range of vegetation from Dunes, to rocky outcrop and open woodland vegetation.

Perennial tuber, with Herbaceous annual stem reaching 4 m in length

KR087062

KR086976

KR070893

KR087022

KR087167

KR088333

Dioscorea sylvatica Eckl.

OM1433 (BNRH)

-

-

-

KR087063

KR086977

KR070894

KR087023

KR087168

KR088334

Dioscorea sylvatica Eckl. f. glauca

Burrows 12477 (BNRH)

-

-

-

KR087064

KR086978

KR070895

KR087024

KR087169

KR088335

Dioscorea tentaculigera Prain & Burkill

Thapyai 436

South Central Chine, Myanmar and Thailand

Evergreen forest from medium to high altitude

Perennial tuber, with climbing stems up to 4 m in length

AY972828

AY939886

KM878070

KR087025

KR087170

KR088336

Tamus edulis Lowe

(combination in Dioscorea pending)

Chase 3425 (K)

Mediterranean region

Woodland and woodland hedges

Herbaceous with climbing stem

AY939891

AY973843

KR070861

KR086986

KR087131

KR088298

Outgroups

Stenomeris borneensis Oliv.

Brun19174 (K)

Tropical Asia

-

-

AF307475

AY973836

-

-

-

-

Tacca plantaginea (Hance) Drenth

ZL002 (n.a.)

Tropical Asia

-

-

JF944619

JF956650

-

-

-

-