Are aphid parasitoids locally adapted to the prevalence of defensive symbionts in their hosts?

Table 2 Comparisons of observed and expected frequencies of co-infections with two different secondary symbionts for all cases with an expected frequency of co-infection > 5 in an aphid species

Aphid species	Symbiont 1	Symbiont 2	observed	expected	P-value
A. fabae fabae	H. defensa	Rickettsia	6	8.2	0.312
A. fabae fabae	H. defensa	R. insecticola	1	26.3	<0.001
A. fabae fabae	H. defensa	S. symbiotica	9	10.2	0.504
A. hederae	H. defensa	Rickettsia	14	19.6	0.098
A. hederae	H. defensa	S. symbiotica	11	16.2	0.107
A. hederae	Rickettsia	S. symbiotica	11	14.6	0.246
A. ruborum	H. defensa	R. insecticola	0	5.3	<0.001
A. ruborum	H. defensa	S. symbiotica	30	45.1	<0.001
A. urticata	H. defensa	Rickettsia	3	6.0	0.225
A. urticata	H. defensa	S. symbiotica	69	69.7	0.751
A. urticata	Rickettsia	S. symbiotica	26	25.8	1.000

Significant deviations from expectations are indicated by bold P-values (Fisher’s exact tests), and these remain significant at a Bonferroni-corrected significance level α of 0.0045

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