Competitive males have higher quality sperm in a monogamous social bee

Table 2 Models relating male sperm quality to male competitive ability

Selection episode	Model	Response	Probability distribution	Predictors	Random effect
Colony -Aggregation	sperm viability	proportion of live to dead sperm cells	Binomial	sampling site and number of days in incubator	colony and male^a
	sperm length	sperm length	Normal	sampling site	colony and male
	sperm length variation	sperm CV	Normal	sampling site	colony
Persistence time in the aggregation	sperm viability	proportion of live to dead sperm cells	Binomial	days at aggregation	aggregation and male^a
	sperm number	number of sperm cells	Poisson	days at aggregation	aggregation and male
	sperm length	sperm length	Normal	days at aggregation	aggregation and male
	sperm length variation	sperm CV	Normal	days at aggregation	aggregation

Each trait was analyzed according to a particular probability distribution and random effects were included to account for dependence among samples or overdispersion
^aObservation level random effect to account for overdispersion

ISSN: 2730-7182