Fig. 3

Scaptotrigona aff. depilis male at an aggregation. a-c Sperm traits of males collected inside the colonies and males that reached aggregations. d-g Sperm traits of males with different persistence times in the aggregations (new-coming males and males that persisted for 3 or 5 days). Median values are represented by the lines inside the boxes, which span the first and third quartiles, and points represent data outside 1.5 times the interquartile range above the upper quartile and bellow the lower quartile. Data from different colonies and aggregations were merged (see colony and aggregation effects in Additional file 5: Figure S4)