Fig. 2

Haplotype networks vary greatly in structure among genes. a Haplotype network of the gene OTOG (Otogelin). Among all protein-based haplotype networks comprising more than 100 sequences, OTOG has the network with the largest giant component where all nodes fall into this component (181 nodes and a single component). b Haplotype network of the gene HLA-B, which is the most fragmented network, with 1,545 nodes in 1,111 components. Circles in a) and b) correspond to different genotypes, while edges connect genotypes that differ by a single point mutation. Circle color and size correspond to the degree (number of neighbors) of the node, where darker and larger nodes have a higher degree. c Number of components versus network size for DNA-based (blue circles) and protein-based haplotype networks (red circles). Circle size in c) corresponds to the relative size of the giant component within each haplotype network