Why stay in a bad relationship? The effect of local host phenology on a generalist butterfly feeding on a low-ranked host

Audusseau, Hélène; de la Paz Celorio-Mancera, Maria; Janz, Niklas; Nylin, Sören

doi:10.1186/s12862-016-0709-x

Table 3 List of metabolites that significantly vary in one of the analyses performed to investigate class discrimination (i) between vegetative plants used in the two larval rearing (V plants early vs late), (ii) of each plant developmental stage used in the oviposition preference tests over the season (V plants early vs late, R plants early vs late), and (iii) between plant developmental stages used in each of the oviposition preference tests (V vs R in Ovip early and late)

From: Why stay in a bad relationship? The effect of local host phenology on a generalist butterfly feeding on a low-ranked host

	Rearing		Oviposition
Names	V plants Early vs late	V plants Early vs late	R plants Early vs late	Ovip early V vs R	Ovip late V vs R
Primary metabolites
Sugars and sugar alcohols
Beta-d-lactose	ns	ns	ns	ns	+
Cellobiose	ns	ns	+	ns	+
D-Glucoheptose	−	ns	+	ns	+
Fructose (1 & 2)	ns	ns	+	ns	+
Fructose-6-phosphate	+	ns	−	ns	−
Glucose (1 & 2)	ns	ns	ns	ns	+
Glucose-6-phosphate	+	ns	−	ns	−
Glycerol-3-phosphate	ns	ns	ns	−	−
Inositol, scyllo	ns	ns	ns	ns	−
Inositol-1-phosphate, myo-like	+	ns	ns	−	−
Lactitol	−	ns	ns	+	+
Lactitol 1	ns	ns	+	+	+
Laminaribiose	ns	ns	+	ns	+
L-Arabinose	ns	ns	+	ns	+
Maltitol	−	ns	+	ns	+
Maltotriose 1	−	−	ns	ns	ns
Maltotriose 2	ns	ns	−	+	ns
Maltotriose 3	ns	ns	+	ns	+
Mannitol	ns	+	+	ns	ns
Ononitol-like	ns	ns	ns	−	−
Ribose	+	ns	+	−	ns
Sucrose-8TMS M/z450	ns	−	ns	−	ns
Trehalose M/z191	ns	ns	+	ns	+
Xylitol	−	ns	+	ns	+
Organic acids
Alpha-ketoglutaric acid	ns	ns	+	−	ns
Citric acid	−	ns	+	−	+
Citric acid 1	ns	ns	+	−	ns
Citric acid 2	ns	ns	+	−	+
Dehydroascorbic acid dimer	ns	−	−	−	−
Fumaric acid	ns	ns	+	−	ns
Glucoheptonic acid	ns	ns	ns	ns	+
Gluconic acid	−	ns	+	ns	+
Glyceric acid	−	−	ns	−	ns
L-2-Aminoadipic acid	ns	ns	ns	–	ns
L-Ascorbic acid	ns	ns	ns	–	ns
Malic acid	–	ns	+	–	ns
Malic acid (C₄-DC-OH) 1	–	ns	+	–	+
Niacin (Nicotinic acid)	ns	ns	ns	–	–
Threonic acid-like	–	–	+	–	+
Fatty acids and lipids
Erythronic acid-like	–	ns	+	ns	+
Galactonic acid-like	–	ns	+	ns	+
Linoleic acid (18:2)	ns	ns	+	ns	ns
Palmitic acid (16:0)	ns	ns	+	ns	ns
Pentonic acid-like	–	ns	+	–	+
Threonate	–	ns	+	–	+
Inorganic and mineral compounds
Phosphate-fragment	+	ns	–	ns	–
Phosphoric acid	+	ns	ns	ns	ns
Protein amino acids and cofactors
Alanine	ns	ns	+	ns	ns
Alendronate	–	ns	ns	ns	+
Asparagine	ns	ns	ns	–	–
Aspartic acid	ns	ns	ns	–	–
D-Glutamate	ns	ns	ns	–	–
D-Glutamate 1	ns	ns	ns	ns	+
D-Glutamate 2	ns	ns	ns	–	ns
DL-Serine	+	+	ns	ns	ns
DL-Valine 3	ns	ns	ns	ns	–
DL-Valine 4	–	ns	ns	ns	+
Eicosanoic acid	ns	ns	+	+	+
Galactosylglycerol-like	ns	ns	–	+	+
Gamma-tocopherol	+	ns	–		–
Glutamic acid	ns	ns	+	–	–
Glutamine	ns	ns	+	ns	+
Leucine	ns	ns	–	ns	ns
L-Tryptophan [M-NH₃]	ns	ns	ns	ns	+
Phenylalanine (1 & 2)	ns	ns	ns	ns	+
Succinic acid	ns	ns	+	–	+
Succinic acid (C₄-DC)	ns	ns	+	ns	+
Tryptophan M/z291	ns	ns	ns	ns	+
Tyrosine	–	ns	ns	ns	ns
Uridine	+	+	+	–	–
Other nitrogen-containing metabolites
4-aminobutyric acid (GABA)	+	ns	ns	ns	ns
Allantoin	+	ns	ns	–	–
Hypoxanthine	ns	ns	ns	–	+
Adenine	ns	ns	+	–	ns
a-N-Acetylglucosamine	ns	ns	ns	–	ns
Secondary metabolites
C₁₀H₁₂O₇S	–	ns	+	ns	+
C₁₅H₂₈O₁₅	–	–	ns	ns	+
C₁₇H₁₈N₄O₅	–	ns	+	ns	+
C₁₉H₃₃NO₁₁	–	ns	+	+	+
C₁₉H₃₄N₂O₈S	–	ns	+	ns	+
C₂₀H₃₄O₁₀	–	ns	+	ns	ns
C₂₀H₃₄O₁₁	–	ns	+	+	+
C₂₀H₈N₂O₄	–	ns	+	ns	ns
C₂₂H₃₀N₆O₁₀S₂	–	ns	+	+	+
C₂₇H₃₆O₁₄	–	ns	+	+	+
C₂₈H₃₃N₅O₅S₂	–	ns	+	+	+
C₃₃H₃₀O₁₇	–	–	ns	ns	ns
C₃₈H₄₀N₂O₁₀	–	ns	+	–	+
C₃₈H₅₀O₁₁S₂	–	ns	+	+	+
Carbohydrate (C₂₀H₃₀O₁₅)	–	ns	+	+	+
Carbohydrate acid (C₉H₁₆O₉)	–	ns	+	ns	+
Carboxylic acid (C₃H₆O₄), Glyceric acid	+	+	ns	ns	ns
Carboxylic acid (C₆H₁₀O5)	–	ns	+	ns	ns
Carboxylic acid (C₆H₁₂O3)	–	ns	+	–	ns
Carboxylic acid (C₆H₁₂O7)	–	ns	+	ns	+
Flavonoid	–	ns	–	–	ns
Flavonoid (C₁₅H₁₆O₉)	–	ns	+	ns	ns
Flavonoid (C₂₇H₃₀O₁₆), Rutin	–	ns	–	ns	ns
Lignan	–	ns	ns	+	ns
Lignan (C₂₂H₂₆O₈)	–	ns	ns	+	ns
Phenolic glycoside (C₁₂H₁₈O₁₁)	–	ns	+	ns	+
Phenolic glycoside (C₁₄H₁₈O₉)	–	ns	ns	ns	ns
Phenolic glycoside (C₁₄H₁₈O₉)	–	ns	ns	ns	ns
Phenolic glycoside (C₁₄H₁₈O₉)	–	ns	+	ns	+
Phenolic glycoside (C₁₇H₂₆O₁₂)	–	ns	+	+	+
Phenolic glycoside (C₁₇H₂₆O₁₂)	–	ns	+	+	+
Phenolic glycoside (C₁₇H₂₆O₁₂)	–	ns	+	+	+
Phenolic glycoside (C₁₈H₃₀O₁₀)	–	ns	+	ns	+
Phenolic glycoside (C₂₆H₂₈O₈)	–	ns	+	+	+
Phenolic glycoside (C₂₆H₃₀O₉)	–	ns	+	+	+
Phenolic glycoside (C₂₆H₃₂O₁₁)	–	ns	+	+	+
Phenolic glycoside (C₂₇H₃₄O₁₃)	–	ns	+	+	+
Phenolic glycoside (C₂₈H₂₆O₆)	–	ns	+	+	+
Phenolic glycoside (C₂₈H₂₆O₇)	–	ns	+	+	+
Phenolic glycoside (C₃₂H₃₀O₁₀)	–	ns	+	+	+
Phenolic glycoside (C₃₂H₄₂O₁₆)	–	ns	+	–	+
Rutin 1	–	ns	–	ns	ns
Rutin 2	ns	–	ns	–	ns

Compounds were considered discriminant based on their statistical difference in OPLS-DA, univariate t-tests (Benjamini-Hochberg correction), and Mann-Withney U test (Cf. Methods for details). “+” indicates compounds that were more abundant in the second called group, “-” indicates compounds that were more abundant in the first group, “ns” are compounds that did not significantly vary between classes. For example, ribose was more abundant in vegetative plants from the late rearing. The data in boldface are the categories of compounds

Back to article page

ISSN: 2730-7182

Contact us

General enquiries: journalsubmissions@springernature.com

BMC Ecology and Evolution

Contact us