Fig. 2

Plant-Fungal-Soil Adaptation. When the plant, fungal inocula, and soil were sympatric, the change in plant biomass due to inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi tended to be greater than when all three were allopatric. Values shown are weighted mean effect sizes ± standard error for arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi from the Full Dataset (a) Single Species Inocula (b) and Lab Studies (c). The dotted line indicates no response, values above the line indicate positive response to mycorrhizal inoculation (mutualism), and values below the line indicate negative response to mycorrhizal inoculation (parasitism). Symbols indicate differences from sympatric combinations of the plant, soil, and fungal inocula based on planned contrasts. Significant codes: 0 ‘***’ 0.001 ‘**’ 0.01 ‘*’ 0.05 ‘·’ 0.1